• Arcturus@lemmy.dbzer0.com
    ·
    edit-2
    8 months ago

    The hardest part of establishing a socialist state isn't dealing with material conditions... it's dealing with the US constantly trying to overthrow it even if you're on the other side of the planet.

      • davel [he/him]@lemmy.ml
        ·
        8 months ago

        The list was compiled in 2002 so it’s missing a lot of contemporary ones.


        with the purpose of effecting “regime change,” attempted or materially supported by the United States—whether primarily by means of overt force (OF), covert operation (CO), or subverted election (SE):

        1893 – Hawaii (Liliuokalani; monarchist): success (OF)
        1912 – China (Piyu; monarchist): success (OF)
        1918 – Panama (Arias; center-right): success (SE)
        1919 – Hungary (Kun; communist): success (CO)
        1920 – USSR (Lenin; communist): failure (OF)
        1924 – Honduras (Carias; nationalist): success (SE)
        1934 – United States (Roosevelt; liberal): failure (CO)
        1945 – Japan (Higashikuni; rightist): success (OF)
        1946 – Thailand (Pridi; conservative): success (CO)
        1946 – Argentina (Peron; military/centrist): failure (SE)
        1947 – France (; communist): success (SE)
        1947 – Philippines (
        ; center-left): success (SE)
        1947 – Romania (Gheorghiu-Dej; stalinist): failure (CO)
        1948 – Italy (, communist): success (SE)
        1948 – Colombia (Gaitan; populist/leftist): success (SE)
        1948 – Peru (Bustamante; left/centrist): success (CO)
        1949 – Syria (Kuwatli; neutralist/Pan-Arabist): success (CO)
        1949 – China (Mao; communist): failure (CO)
        1950 – Albania (Hoxha; communist): failure (CO)
        1951 – Bolivia (Paz; center/neutralist): success (CO)
        1951 – DPRK (Kim; stalinist): failure (OF)
        1951 – Poland (Cyrankiewicz; stalinist): failure (CO)
        1951 – Thailand (Phibun; conservative): success (CO)
        1952 – Egypt (Farouk; monarchist): success (CO)
        1952 – Cuba (Prio; reform/populist): success (CO)
        1952 – Lebanon (
        ; left/populist): success: (SE)
        1953 – British Guyana (; left/populist): success (CO)
        1953 – Iran (Mossadegh; liberal nationalist): success (CO)
        1953 – Costa Rica (Figueres; reform liberal): failure (CO)
        1953 – Philippines (
        ; center-left): success (SE)
        1954 – Guatemala (Arbenz; liberal nationalist): success (OF)
        1955 – Costa Rica (Figueres; reform liberal): failure (CO)
        1955 – India (Nehru; neutralist/socialist): failure(CO)
        1955 – Argentina (Peron; military/centrist): success (CO)
        1955 – China (Zhou; communist): failure (CO)
        1955 – Vietnam (Ho; communist): success (SE)
        1956 – Hungary (Hegedus; communist): success (CO)
        1957 – Egypt (Nasser; military/nationalist): failure (CO)
        1957 – Haiti (Sylvain; left/populist): success (CO)
        1957 – Syria (Kuwatli; neutralist/Pan-Arabist): failure (CO)
        1958 – Japan (; left-center): success (SE)
        1958 – Chile (
        ; leftists): success (SE)
        1958 – Iraq (Feisal; monarchist): success (CO)
        1958 – Laos (Phouma; nationalist): success (CO)
        1958 – Sudan (Sovereignty Council; nationalist): success (CO)
        1958 – Lebanon (; leftist): success (SE)
        1958 – Syria (Kuwatli; neutralist/Pan-Arabist): failure (CO)
        1958 – Indonesia (Sukarno; militarist/neutralist): failure (SE)
        1959 – Laos (Phouma; nationalist): success (CO)
        1959 – Nepal (
        ; left-centrist): success (SE)
        1959 – Cambodia (Sihanouk; moderate/neutralist): failure (CO)
        1960 – Ecuador (Ponce; left/populist): success (CO)
        1960 – Laos (Phouma; nationalist): success (CO)
        1960 – Iraq (Qassem; rightist /militarist): failure (CO)
        1960 – S. Korea (Syngman; rightist): success (CO)
        1960 – Turkey (Menderes; liberal): success (CO)
        1961 – Haiti (Duvalier; rightist/militarist): success (CO)
        1961 – Cuba (Castro; communist): failure (CO)
        1961 – Congo (Lumumba; leftist/pan-Africanist): success (CO)
        1961 – Dominican Republic (Trujillo; rightwing/military): success (CO)
        1962 – Brazil (Goulart; liberal/neutralist): failure (SE)
        1962 – Dominican Republic (; left/populist): success (SE)
        1962 – Indonesia (Sukarno; militarist/neutralist): failure (CO)
        1963 – Dominican Republic (Bosch; social democrat): success (CO)
        1963 – Honduras (Montes; left/populist): success (CO)
        1963 – Iraq (Qassem; militarist/rightist): success (CO)
        1963 – S. Vietnam (Diem; rightist): success (CO)
        1963 – Cambodia (Sihanouk; moderate/neutralist): failure (CO)
        1963 – Guatemala (Ygidoras; rightist/reform): success (CO)
        1963 – Ecuador (Velasco; reform militarist): success (CO)
        1963 – United States (Kennedy; liberal): success (CO)
        1964 – Guyana (Jagan; populist/reformist): success (CO)
        1964 – Bolivia (Paz; centrist/neutralist): success (CO)
        1964 – Brazil (Goulart; liberal/neutralist): success (CO)
        1964 – Chile (Allende; social democrat/marxist): success (SE)
        1965 – Indonesia (Sukarno; militarist/neutralist): success (CO)
        1966 – Ghana (Nkrumah; leftist/pan-Africanist): success (CO)
        1966 – Bolivia (
        ; leftist): success (SE)
        1966 – France (de Gaulle; centrist): failure (CO)
        1967 – Greece (Papandreou; social democrat): success (CO)
        1968 – Iraq (Arif; rightist): success (CO)
        1969 – Panama (Torrijos; military/reform populist): failure (CO)
        1969 – Libya (Idris; monarchist): success (CO)
        1970 – Bolivia (Ovando; reform nationalist): success (CO)
        1970 – Cambodia (Sihanouk; moderate/neutralist): success (CO)
        1970 – Chile (Allende; social democrat/Marxist): failure (SE)
        1971 – Bolivia (Torres; nationalist/neutralist): success (CO)
        1971 – Costa Rica (Figueres; reform liberal): failure (CO)
        1971 – Liberia (Tubman; rightist): success (CO)
        1971 – Turkey (Demirel; center-right): success (CO)
        1971 – Uruguay (Frente Amplio; leftist): success (SE)
        1972 – El Salvador (; leftist): success (SE)
        1972 – Australia (Whitlam; liberal/labor): failure (SE)
        1973 – Chile (Allende; social democrat/Marxist): success (CO)
        1974 – United States (Nixon; centrist): success (CO)
        1975 – Australia (Whitlam; liberal/labor): success (CO)
        1975 – Congo (Mobutu; military/rightist): failure (CO)
        1975 – Bangladesh (Mujib; nationalist): success (CO)
        1976 – Jamaica (Manley; social democrat): failure (SE)
        1976 – Portugal (JNS; military/leftist): success (SE)
        1976 – Nigeria (Mohammed; military/nationalist): success (CO)
        1976 – Thailand (
        ; rightist): success (CO)
        1976 – Uruguay (Bordaberry; center-right): success (CO)
        1977 – Pakistan (Bhutto: center/nationalist): success (CO)
        1978 – Dominican Republic (Balaguer; center): success (SE)
        1979 – S. Korea (Park; rightist): success (CO)
        1979 – Nicaragua (Sandinistas; leftist): failure (CO)
        1980 – Bolivia (Siles; centrist/reform): success (CO)
        1980 – Iran (Khomeini; Islamic nationalist): failure (CO)
        1980 – Italy (; leftist): success (SE)
        1980 – Liberia (Tolbert; rightist): success (CO)
        1980 – Jamaica (Manley; social democrat): success (SE)
        1980 – Dominica (Seraphin; leftist): success (SE)
        1980 – Turkey (Demirel; center-right): success (CO)
        1981 – Seychelles (René; socialist): failure (CO)
        1981 – Spain (Suarez; rightist/neutralist): failure (CO)
        1981 – Panama (Torrijos; military/reform populist); success (CO)
        1981 – Zambia (Kaunda; reform nationalist): failure (CO)
        1982 – Mauritius (
        ; center-left): failure (SE)
        1982 – Spain (Suarez; rightist/neutralist): success (SE)
        1982 – Iran (Khomeini; Islamic nationalist): failure (CO)
        1982 – Chad (Oueddei; Islamic nationalist): success (CO)
        1983 – Mozambique (Machel; socialist): failure (CO)
        1983 – Grenada (Bishop; socialist): success (OF)
        1984 – Panama (; reform/centrist): success (SE)
        1984 – Nicaragua (Sandinistas; leftist): failure (SE)
        1984 – Surinam (Bouterse; left/reformist/neutralist): success (CO)
        1984 – India (Gandhi; nationalist): success (CO)
        1986 – Libya (Qaddafi; Islamic nationalist): failure (OF)
        1987 – Fiji (Bavrada; liberal): success (CO)
        1989 – Panama (Noriega; military/reform populist): success (OF)
        1990 – Haiti (Aristide; liberal reform): failure (SE)
        1990 – Nicaragua (Ortega; Christian socialist): success (SE)
        1991 – Albania (Alia; communist): success (SE)
        1991 – Haiti (Aristide; liberal reform): success (CO)
        1991 – Iraq (Hussein; military/rightist): failure (OF)
        1991 – Bulgaria (BSP; communist): success (SE)
        1992 – Afghanistan (Najibullah; communist): success (CO)
        1993 – Somalia (Aidid; right/militarist): failure (OF)
        1993 – Cambodia (Han Sen/CPP; leftist): failure (SE)
        1993 – Burundi (Ndadaye; conservative): success (CO)
        1994 – El Salvador (
        ; leftist): success (SE)
        1994 – Rwanda (Habyarimana; conservative): success (CO)
        1994 – Ukraine (Kravchuk; center-left): success (SE)
        1996 – Bosnia (Karadzic; centrist): success (CO)
        1996 – Russia (Zyuganov; communist): success (SE)
        1996 – Congo (Mobutu; military/rightist): success (CO)
        1996 – Mongolia (*; center-left): success (SE)
        1998 – Congo (Kabila; rightist/military): success (CO)
        1998 – United States (Clinton; conservative): failure (CO)
        1998 – Indonesia (Suharto; military/rightist): success (CO)
        1999 – Yugoslavia (Milosevic; left/nationalist): success (SE)
        2000 – United States (Gore; conservative): success (SE)
        2000 – Ecuador (NSC; leftist): success: (CO)
        2001 – Afghanistan (Omar; rightist/Islamist): success (OF)
        2001 – Belarus (Lukashenko; leftist): failure (SE)
        2001 – Nicaragua (Ortega; Christian socialist): success (SE)
        2001 – Nepal (Birendra; nationalist/monarchist): success (CO)
        2002 – Venezuela (Chavez; reform-populist): failure (CO)
        2002 – Bolivia (Morales; leftist/MAS): success (SE)
        2002 – Brazil (Lula; center-left): failure (SE)