Catholics are obligated to attend mass once a week, and on the high festival days, unless circumstances make that difficult to do. it's not under threat of excommunication or anything though, just something you are supposed to do.

It's just a liturgy if there's no consecration of the host, not a Mass (the Good Friday liturgy is an example). And you can push through a mass in 15 min if the priest wants to and the music setting is short plainchant. Mozart's pretty beautiful Salzburg masses never touch 1 hour, even the High Festival Masses (which are usually the 3 hour Tridentine ones you're likely thinking of.)

The priest can also provide communion from pre-consecrated wafers/wine in remote areas or to people who find it difficult to attend a full mass(Buzz Aldrin took communion on Apollo 11).

So you could do it but it would make you a bad Catholic. But most Catholics are bad Catholics, that's part of the point of being Catholic as opposed to some humourless Calvinist who thinks the first sign of sin means you're not part of the elect.