What is the defining characteristic of post-apocalyptic American science fiction? The thing that, by the creator's measure, marks it as a fallen world? I'd argue that it's a lack of police.
It's the transformation of the entire world into the frontier, or rather, the frontier as viewed by settler-colonists: the few civilized towns, safe havens primarily distinguished by the presence of police, beset on all sides by unreasoning killers that spawn from the desolate wilderness. In real life, it was the continent's indigenous population that was portrayed this way; in American post-apocalyptic science fiction, it's drug-addled raiders, cannibals, mutants, inferior people with inferior weapons who produce nothing of value, but nonetheless pose a threat by their sheer numbers and utter depravity. Or perhaps the story takes place in a crumbling ruin of a city, where the fear of lawlessness manifests in a vision of street gangs as imagined by anyone ignorant enough to believe that old chain email that claims "gangs initiate new members by driving with headlights off at night, then killing anyone who flashes them."
You know Fallout raiders? The guys who kill and rob because they're bad and evil, and mindlessly charge into your gunfire until they're all dead, without ever considering retreat or surrender? That's the basic idea.
It's a conservative, Hobbesian view of human nature, and so it's right at home in American culture. It's also a way to avoid grappling with the reality that fascism is capitalism in decay - that as conditions in a capitalist society like America deteriorate, the police and military won't vanish but will instead only get more cruel and vicious. After all, as people get worse off, they will get more desperate and violent, creating the excuse for ever-increasing state repression, an ever-intensifying reaping of the poor for the sake of the rich. Those on top will spill oceans of blood to ensure that even as the pie shrinks, their piece doesn't. In the end, that's your best candidate for raiders: the hollow shell of a state so degraded and honed for violence that it's incapable of doing anything but killing and robbing the people in its borders, carried out by those with vast stockpiles of guns, ammunition, armored vehicles, and fuel. Once supply chains collapse to the point that the state can't even maintain its armed forces, it's not hard to imagine things going full Thirty Years War, with roving gangs of soldiers and cops sustaining themselves by hopping from town to town like locusts, stripping each bare before moving on to the next.
Obviously, this doesn't apply to all American post-apocalyptic science fiction, but it's common enough that I think it warrants discussion.
It’s interesting because I can certainly think of plenty of post-apocalyptic/post-collapse fiction that’s written from the perspective of those outside the gilded walls being persecuted by the security state from within those walls that sprung from the decay of bourgeois democracy, but in almost every case that security state is presented as something other than the continuation of the current American state. The writers flirt with the idea, but instead present it as the result of a corrupted post-US state, an imperfect union, which ends up doing the reverse as it makes it look like the current American state was the thing keeping the fascism at bay instead of being the Petri dish growing it.
Yeah. Parable of the Sower is one of the few exceptions that comes to mind, where the collapse leads to America electing a fascist president who brings back company towns and debt bondage. I don't think it's a coincidence that the book was written by a black woman.
In Fallout 2 the antagonist is the literal United States Government and you can shoot the POTUS in the head as you're on your way to nuke the Encalve oil platform to stop America's final act of genocide. I've always loved Interplay for that.