Traditionally I've deferred to the "World Values Survey" by Inglehart, et al. when trying to parse macro level differences between societies because they control and translate the survey very well. I'd usually control for xenophobia, eg China has a large Han majority and the US a declining White majority, which substantially complicates this kind of nation-level data, but the raw numbers are significantly different enough that it's not that important.

https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you need to be very careful in dealing with people?

China (2018, latest, N=3036)
Most people can be trusted: 63.5%
Need to be very careful: 35.7%

United States (2011, latest, N=2232)
Most people can be trusted: 34.8%
Need to be very careful: 64.3%

I would imagine their Wave 8 (2022->) data for either nation, if surveyed, post-pandemic/now-endemic COVID-19, will see significant slides compared to these snapshots... that's generally been the trend with countries with Wave 7 data captured in the aftermath compared to prior years. It's probably worth noting that like other US-specific/less directly comparable studies, trust amongst the younger generations in the US is lower than older ones. It's typically inverted in Chinese surveys, where the older people are slightly more distrustful than younger people.