I want to learn Linux and I read that installing Arch Linux is a great way to do this. But all guides I've found so far only guide you through the steps without much explanation of what it is you are doing during the installation.
Is there a guide that is more "guided" for lack of a better word? One that teaches me what I'm doing and why I'm doing it? I could of course google every single command and step during the installation but I think it would be easier to understand if there would be a guide including all this.
Maybe you would be interested to try linuxfromscratch?
Don't know why you're down voted, LFS is the best way to learn how Linux works from the ground up.
The Arch Wiki is great and it does cover just about everything, but it's not what OP is describing -- you certainly could exhaustively read it and all the linked pages every step of the install, but the actual installation documentation is focused on installing and getting a useable system. But LFS is exactly what OP wants: a detailed, very explicit, ground up tutorial on manually setting up every piece required for a functional Linux system.
If that sounds too technical, OP, that's because you're asking an extremely technical question. Most Linux users, even pretty advanced ones, don't understand the really low level parts of the system, they just know how to interact with them once in a while to get specific tasks done.
If you just want a general overview of how to use Linux and a detailed explanation of its philosophy, there are many YouTube channels that offer that without such a deep technical dive.
Someone who gets what I'm looking for. I will take a look at LFS