I really don't want to make a Microsoft account but many job interviews are held on Teams. I see that there is a web client which I will definitely use instead of the unofficial Flatpak for Linux.
If I create a Microsoft account with one of my privacy friendly emails (custom domain), would Microsoft start to receive the emails that that account receives? If so, would you suggest that I make a burner Microsoft account for this specific use case?
Your mail goes where your MX records point. Microsoft will only see the mail if you move your mail to exchange.