Using thermal physics, cosmology, and computer science to calculate password vulnerability to the biggest possible brute-force attack.

Pretty interesting read. They mention in the article that this estimation doesn't account for Grover’s algorithm and assumes our current knowledge of physics is somewhat correct. Even still it's shocking how low the numbers are. A 310 bit password brute force attack would only have a 1/10 chance of success with all the energy in the universe being used?!?!