On the 12th of april in 1927, Nationalist forces led by Chiang Kai-Shek carried out the Shanghai Massacre, attacking and disarming workers' militias by force, resulting in more than 300 people being killed or wounded.

This incident marked the beginning of a campaign of violent suppression of Chinese communists by conservative factions in the Kuomintang, killing 300,000 people over the course of three years.

The Shanghai Massacre began before dawn, when nationalist troops began to attack district offices controlled by the union workers. Under an emergency decree, Chiang then ordered the 26th Army to disarm the workers' militias.

The union workers organized a mass meeting denouncing Chiang Kai-shek the next day, and thousands of workers and students went to the headquarters of the 2nd Division of the 26th Army to protest. Soldiers opened fire, killing 100 and wounding many more.

This incident marked the beginning of a prolonged purge of communists from the Wuhan province, and the ensuing violence killed over 300,000 people in less than three years. Stalin offered his support, sending a telegram to the Chinese communists on June 1st, urging them to organize militarily against the state.

The events of April 1927 prompted the Comintern in Moscow to break ties with the Guomindang. It also triggered in-fighting between communists and left-wing nationalists in Wuhan that contributed to the collapse of Wang Jingwei’s government there. By late summer 1927, right-wing nationalists were ascendant in the Guomindang and Chiang Kai-Shek had emerged as the dominant republican leader of China.

Thousands of communists were forced underground in the cities or dispersed to rural areas. Some attempted to fight back. In response to the Shanghai massacre, on August 1st, 1927, the Communist Party launched an uprising in Nanchang against the Nationalist Wuhan government, which had previously been sympathetic to the Communists. The conflict meant that the Wuhan government and Chiang were once again aligned to crush the CCP.

This period is also acknowledged to have seen the emergence of the CCP’s “Red Army,” comprised of armed peasants and former nationalist soldiers. Despite KMT efforts to suppress the CCP forces, the communists successfully established control over many areas in southern China after attacks on cities such as Changsha, Shantou, and Guangzhou. In September, the leader of the Wuhan government, Wang Jingwei, was forced into exile.

By this point, three capitals were in effect across China: internationally-recognized Beijing, the KMT regime in Nanjing, and CCP-held Wuhan. This marked the start of a decade-long struggle known as the Ten-Year Civil War.

A large group in southern China led by Mao Zedong established a base in the remote Jinggang Mountains. A Kuomintang counterinsurgency campaign forced Mao and his group to relocate once again, and they moved into the border region between Jiangxi and Fujian provinces.

In order to rebuild the party's strength, the 6th National Congress ordered these rural cadres to organize soviet governments. Mao's group founded the Jiangxi Soviet, which became the largest and best administered soviet thanks to the number of Communist cadres from across the country that took refuge there. Although the Central Committee of the Communist Party was still underground in Shanghai during this period, the center of political gravity had begun to shift to Mao in Jiangxi.

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  • mkultrawide [any]
    ·
    edit-2
    7 months ago

    The Fallout show is really good. I can't think of a better video game adaptation I've seen in TV or movies.

    • Frank [he/him, he/him]
      ·
      7 months ago

      In order to judge the meaning of this comment I must ask you these mystical questions: which Fallouts have you played?

      • mkultrawide [any]
        ·
        edit-2
        7 months ago

        I don't care if something doesn't exactly match the games, if that is what you are about to say.

        • Frank [he/him, he/him]
          ·
          7 months ago

          No, not at all. Bethesda's games have a very different ethos and narrative bent than the old Interplay games. The old games are quite hopeful, they're about people trying to re-build a good world from the ashes of the old world, America is explicitly the architect of it's own downfall and destruction. The world building is vastly better; the world is actually full of emerging nations, tribes, villages, new cultures trying to muddle through and find a place in the world.

          In the first game the ultimate antagonist is a person who has found what he thinks is a way to create a truly peaceful, just society where everyone will be unified, not under a single government, but under a radically new way of communicating with others that will flatten all differences and allow people to coexist without conflict. Unfortunately his methods are unacceptable, causing a great deal of harm. If your character is clever enough and you're observant, you can actually talk him down by showing him evidence that his idea won't work out. He accepts your evidence and gives up.

          In the next game the player encounters former soldiers from his army who will actually articulate why they believed in his plans, what it meant to them, and how they felt when the plan was abandoned and the army disbanded. Some of them have become warlords and bandits, others have tried to continue the goal they believed in by reaching out to former enemies and building new communities.

          These are, of course, the Super Mutants. In Fallout I, II, Tactics, and New Vegas they're people with goals, morals, beliefs, and complexity. They're the antagonists in the first game but they've got reasons and a goal that they think will make the world a better place.

          And then in Bethesda's games they're just orcs, slavering cannibals with no real purpose nor any good narrative reason to even be on the East Coast.

          The greater scope villains in Fallout IV are the BoS, who have gone from being monastic recluses devoted to protecting high technology from what they view as a world that will abuse it, to fascist, racist imperialists with a blimp. It never made sense for them to be on the East Coast in the first place as the organization was always very small and very isolationist. Both of Bethesda's versions of the Brotherhood - The noblebright paladins in III and the genocidal fascists in IV, are abrupt deviations from the original BoS that don't really make a lot of sense and are just there because they were part of the IP that Beth bought.

          And the other villain of the story, the Institute? Beth couldn't even bother to come up with an explanation for why they were doing what they were doing. There's just no explanation for their plot. The Master was kidnapping people and dipping them in to FEV to try to create a harmonious society where everyone could be equal and enjoy a true peace. That's what his goal was, that's what his troops and followers believed in.

          The Institute is kidnapping people, presumably killing them, and replacing them with synths because... uh... they actually never bother to explain it. They just don't. It's horrible writing. `

          In Fallout II the Enclave, which is to say the United States Government, is engaged in a plot to use the FEV virus as a genocide weapon to exterminate every single "mutant" on the planet, which is literally everyone except members of the Enclave and vault dwellers who have never been exposed to FEV or radiation. How does the PC solve the problem? They shoot the POTUS in the head, merk the secret service, and nuke the last vile remnant of the United States, ending it's threat to the world forever.

          And in Beth's games? The Enclave is just sort of around for no real explicable reason. Again, the Enclave came with the package so they just used them, no matter how little sense it makes.

          Beth's games are a pale shadow of OG Fallout games. Beth's writers don't understand the setting or the questions it was asking. They're not interested in a new world struggling to escape the ruin of the old, rebuilding, exploring new kinds of societies, and bridging gaps between disparate people. Also, their POTUS was just a robot, whereas Fallout let you shoot an actual honest to god POTUS in the face which is just so based.

          So that's the difference I'm looking for. I really don't like the narrative and plot of Beth's games. They're both lazy and badly written, creating a world that really doesn't make a lot of sense even on a surface level and is mostly a pile of silly gimmicks. The Interplay Fallouts were silly, too, but there was also a serious core on which the silliness was built. Beth's games are just silly, with the same kind of superficiality that Cyberpunk has.

          • mkultrawide [any]
            ·
            7 months ago

            I mean, do you want me to give you a brief synopsis of season 1?

        • Dolores [love/loves]
          ·
          edit-2
          7 months ago

          have you finished it? i feel like developments were made to bring everything into Bethesda's vision, which was always very selective in which themes they ran with vs disregarded

          • mkultrawide [any]
            ·
            edit-2
            7 months ago

            Yes, I actually started a second watch lol. It's a good TV show in general, IMO. The acting across the board is very good. Walton Goggins steals the show as usual.

            When I say that it's the best video game adaptation, I mean that they managed to actually make it a good show. A lot of video games adaptations fail because they try to do too much fan service, especially towards trying to translate gameplay mechanics to the screen, which almost always fails. I thought they did a good job of dropping in references to the games/gameplay while still remembering that it's a TV show and not a video game. It makes the HALO show look like doodoo ass in comparison (admittedly not hard to do but still).

            • Dolores [love/loves]
              ·
              7 months ago

              i think it was decently produced for a video game tv show, its just grating that the elements i thought were most interesting in New Vegas/2 got factory reset to be more like Fallout 3 and a lesser extent 1. not totally finished yet so maybe that whole deal gets a little more satisfying, but i doubt it

        • Frank [he/him, he/him]
          ·
          7 months ago

          New kind of guy; Guy who has only ever played the hacky Van Buren demo.

    • marx_mentat [he/him, comrade/them]
      ·
      edit-2
      7 months ago

      I haven't finished it but I agree 100% so far. All the complaints are incredibly nitpicky or misreadings that are so bad I have to assume are intentional.