Affirmative action does make it so that an equally qualified black applicant is more likely to get in than a given white or especially asian applicant. But opponents miss 2 things. First, the given black applicant isn't less qualified by any way. You have to be smart to get into ivy leagues if you aren't a legacy with a library named after your dad, or on the stanford rowing team or some bs. Second, structural racism makes it so there are less black people who do all the shit that looks good on college applications. If you go to an underfunded school in a black neighborhood you won't get to join robotics club or do as well on sat or some shit. If you have to work for money, you don't have time to volunteer for shit.