With the birth name of Claudia Cumberbatch, Claudia Jones was born on February 21, 1915 in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. She was a communist author, activist, and journalist active in the United States and Great Britain. She was imprisoned and deported by the U.S. for violating the anti-communist McCarran and Smith Acts.
Born in the British colony of Trinidad as Claudia Vera Cumberbatch, she later adopted the name Jones as "self-protective disinformation". She came to the U.S. as a child when her family migrated to Harlem.
Growing up working poor had a lasting impact on Jones; her mother died when she was twelve from work-related exhaustion and she herself caught tuberculosis at the age of 17 from poor living conditions, leading to lifelong lung damage.
In 1936, Jones joined the Young Communist League USA to help support the Scottsboro Boys, a group of young black men being subjected to a legalized form of lynching in the American South. Jones became a prominent author within the organization, editing its monthly journal "Spotlight".
As a member of the Communist Party USA and a feminist black nationalist, Jones' main focus was on creating "an anti-imperialist coalition, managed by working-class leadership, fueled by the involvement of women", and championed women's causes inside the Party.
One of Jones' best known works is the 1949 piece "An End to the Neglect of the Problems of the Negro Woman!". In the work, Jones shows an understanding of what would later be called "intersectionality", writing: "The bourgeoisie is fearful of the militancy of the Negro woman, and for good reason. The capitalists know, far better than many progressives seem to know, that once Negro women begin to take action, the militancy of the whole Negro people, and thus of the anti-imperialist coalition, is greatly enhanced."
Following a hearing by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Jones was found in violation of the McCarran Act for being an "alien" (a non-citizen) who had joined the Communist Party, despite the fact that she had identified herself as a party member when completing her Alien Registration in 1940. She was ordered to be deported in 1950.
Before Jones could be deported, however, she was tried and convicted with eleven others, including her friend and communist of note Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, of "un-American activities" under the anti-communist Smith Act.
After serving several years in prison, Jones was released in 1955 and deported to the United Kingdom on December 7th that year. She immediately joined the Communist Party of Great Britain upon her arrival in Britain and remained a member until her death.
Jones continued her activism in Britain, campaigning against racism and sexism, speaking at trade union rallies, and visiting China, meeting with Mao Zedong. In 1958, Jones founded the West Indian Gazette, Britain's first major black newspaper, and helped organize celebrations of Caribbean culture that became the annual Notting Hill Carnival.
Jones died in 1964 at the age of 49. She is buried next to Karl Marx in Highgate Cemetery, North London.
"It was out of my Jim Crow experiences as a young negro woman, experiences likewise born of working-class poverty that led me to join the Young Communist League and to choose the philosophy of my life, the science of Marxism-Leninism - that philosophy not only rejects racist ideas, but is the antithesis of them."
- Claudia Jones
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It doesn't sit right with me that we're constantly deadnaming Spinoza. After he was expelled by the Jewish community of Amsterdam he took the name Benedictus (meaning "blessed" in Latin) rather than Baruch (meaning "blessed" in Hebrew). All his friends called him Benedictus. He was known as Benedictus de Spinoza in his own time. Why do scholars insist on calling him Baruch Spinoza? Kind of weird.
This might be kind of dicy, but I feel like there's some philosemitism at work here. It's always good to emphasize the tradition of Jewish intellectuals, of course, but it seems to me that people like to ascribe an uncomplicated Jewish identity to Spinoza that doesn't gel with the facts of his life. He was excommunicated, after all, and he doesn't really reference Judaism positively in his work as far as I know. It's also kind of exoticizing to use his Hebrew given name because it's distancing him from his actual intellectual environment, by which I mean Descartes-inspired rationalism, which was theistic, but not necessarily Christian, and mostly written in Latin.
That makes sense. I imagine Spinoza would be a Walter Benjamin type figure were he more close to the modern era, where secular Judaism is much more of a thing. I imagine that concept was nonexistent at the time, hence his expulsion from the Jewish community. Kind of insane honestly; his entire family was forbidden from ever speaking to Spinoza again. That's some intense ostracism!