Helmeted demonstrators on a grassy bank, armed with flagpoles, c. 1970s. Photo credit Takashi Hamaguchi
On this day in 1966, the Japanese government announced the construction of an airport on farmland in rural Sanrizuka, without permission of displaced locals. The struggle was led by the Sanrizuka-Shibayama United Opposition League against Construction of the Narita Airport, which locals formed under the leadership of opposition parties the Communist Party and Socialist Party. The struggle resulted in significant delays in the opening of the airport, as well as deaths on both sides.
At its height, the union mobilised 17,500 people for a general rally, while thousands of riot police were brought in on several occasions.
The area around Sanrizuka had been farmland since the Middle Ages, and, prior to the 1940s, much of the land had been privately owned by the Japanese Imperial Household.
Many locals were economically reliant on the Imperial estate at Goryō Farm, and local farmers had a strong economic and emotional attachment to the land. After Japan's defeat in World War II, large tracts of royal land were sold off and subsequently settled by poor rural laborers.
In the 1960s, the Japanese government planned to build a second airport in the Tokyo area to support Japan's rapid economic development. After meeting resistance from locals on the site's first chosen location, the rural town of Tomisato, the government was donated remaining land in Sanrizuka by the Imperial Family.
Locals in Sanrizuka were outraged when the government announced its plans. The Sanrizuka-Shibayama United Opposition League Against the Construction of Narita Airport (or Hantai Dōmei) was formed in 1966, and began to engage in a variety of tactics of resistance, including legal buy-ups, sit-ins, and occupations.
Meanwhile, the Japanese radical student movement was growing, and the League soon formed an alliance with active New Left groups; one major factor drawing the groups the together was that, under the US-Japan Security Treaty, the US military had free access to Japanese air facilities. As a result, it was likely the airport would be used for transporting troops and arms in the Vietnam War.
The demonstrators built huts and watchtowers along proposed construction sites. On October 10th, 1967, the government attempted to conduct a land survey, backed by over 2000 riot police. Clashes quickly broke out, and Hantai Domei leader Issaku Tomura was photographed being brutalized by police, further inflaming anti-airport sentiment.
Protests further grew and intensified over the next few years as the state pressed on with attempts to build the airport. Protestors would dig into the ground, build fortifications, and arm themselves against police. Construction was delayed by years, and the conflict would cost the government billions of yen.
On September 16th, 1971, three police officers were killed during an eminent domain expropriation. Four days later, police forcibly removed and destroyed the house of an elderly woman, an incident that became yet another symbol of state oppression to the opposition.
One student committed suicide, saying in his suicide note that "I detest those who brought the airport to this land". In 1972, the protestors built a 60 meter-high steel tower near the runway in order to disrupt flight tests. Conflict continued through much of the 1970s.
In 1977, the government announced plans to open the airport within the year. In May, police destroyed the tower while demonstrators attempted to cling on to it, provoking a new wave of widespread conflict. One protestor was killed after being struck in the head by a tear gas canister. In March 1978, the first runway was set to open, but a few days prior, a group of saboteurs burrowed into the main control tower, barricaded themselves inside, and proceeded to lay waste to the tower's equipment and infrastructure, delaying the opening yet again to May 20th, 1978.
Resistance continued after the airport was opened. Although many locals began to accept the airport and leave the land, the focus of Hantai Dōmei shifted to opposing plans for additional terminals and runways, as the airport's current size still only reflected a fraction of initial plans.
Clashes continued through the 1980s - on October 20th, 1985, members of the communist New Left group Chukaku-ha broke though police lines with logs and flagpoles, successfully attacking infrastructure in one of the last large-scale battles of the resistance campaign. Guerilla actions and bombings continued as late as the 1990s.
Although this campaign of resistance has largely shifted out of public attention in Japan, its presence is still felt: until 2015, all visitors were required to present ID cards for security reasons, and the airport still remains only a third of its initially-planned size. The Sanrizuka Struggle has never completely ended, and the Opposition League still exists and holds rallies.
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I’m bisexual and exclusively go to gay bars because the vibe is much better. It was probably not aimed at you lol. Did you ask her out yet? From your previous posts it sounds like you guys are close enough that it wouldn’t be weird to ask her out.
I just want to remind you that my posts here, while I do my utmost to keep them True and Fact-Based, are indeed cherry picked examples from my flawed love-struck memory. I’ll try to give some more complex context.
Basically, we’re in the same organization. Some of our encounters have been within that, and some private (and some in that unclear middle territory that any org usually has), and I really don’t want to risk developing any common traits with the Leftist Org Sex Pest. I know others of us have already hit on them, one in a very annoying manner at that, which is why I’m even more careful. We’re both pretty active, so if they get weirded out and I’m the straw that breaks the camel’s back, I would be personally responsible for the resulting fallout.
Ah that makes sense, that puts you in a difficult spot. Thanks for the context.
Maybe something to consider is that asking someone out is not necessarily a negative experience for the recipient if they’re not interested. It often becomes a negative experience after the rejection is not well responded to.
That’s not to say that your hesitation is invalid, I understand that you might not think that it’s appropriate to ask your crush out under these circumstances. Also if you just enjoy hanging out with them then they would probably appreciate your friendship after their precious negative experiences with org members.
Your crush posting is cute though, I enjoy reading them :)
Happy someone is finding joy in my agony haha!
Yeah the last time I declared my love to someone, I talked to them in a public place to make sure they felt safe, and I didn’t get angry. When I got up to leave, I had planned to just instantly walk, but it was actually they who initiated a goodbye hug, which indicated that they still trusted me, so I think I passed the initial vibe check.
Immediately afterward however, I tried really hard to rationalize their answer, which wasn’t “I don’t feel that way about you” but “I have a partner”. That still meant I had some narrow sliver of hope. – How do I know that this time I’m not rationalizing my current crush’s “leaning gay” in a similar way?
Later, I got really depressed, because I hadn’t done my basic homework. They had relatively recently started dating one of my closer friends and I didn’t even know. I felt totally socially incompetent and every time I met them after that it reminded me not just of my bad luck, but also my undeveloped social skills. So I got really awkward around the both of them.
Maybe I learned my lesson that time, and I’ll be better emotionally prepared now. But I feel like if there’s a concrete lesson from my previous failure, it’s not that it’ll be fine, but that I should do my homework to better understand the situation before getting courageous.
Then at the same time, I feel dishonest if I keep keep being their friend without telling them. Eventually it will probably either spread via rumor, or I’ll let it slip accidentally. I’d like to wait and give them time to forget about the negative experience with the other member, but that might take forever, since that member is still around, if a bit more distant, luckily.
In my opinion, if you befriend someone you have a crush on because you genuinely enjoy spending time with them then that’s not dishonest. But I suppose that there is a boundary somewhere where you don’t want them to get too comfortable with you before confessing your love because it can feel like a betrayal if a years long best friend tells you they had a crush on you all along (it doesn’t seem like that’s the situation though). As far as I can see you have good judgement which will hopefully lead to a positive ending!