"The traitor: Degradation of Alfred Dreyfus, degradation in the Morland Court of the military school in Paris"

The Dreyfus affair (French: affaire Dreyfus) was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. The scandal began in December 1894 when Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a 35-year-old Alsatian French artillery officer of Jewish descent, was wrongfully convicted of treason for communicating French military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent overseas to the penal colony on Devil's Island in French Guiana, where he spent the following five years imprisoned in very harsh conditions.

In 1896, evidence came to light—primarily through the investigations of Lieutenant Colonel Georges Picquart, head of counter-espionage—which identified the real culprit as a French Army Major named Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy. High-ranking military officials suppressed the new evidence, and a military court unanimously acquitted Esterhazy after a trial lasting only two days. The Army laid additional charges against Dreyfus, based on forged documents. Subsequently, writer Émile Zola's open letter J'Accuse...! in the newspaper L'Aurore stoked a growing movement of political support for Dreyfus, putting pressure on the government to reopen the case.

In 1899, Dreyfus was returned to France for another trial. The intense political and judicial scandal that ensued divided French society between those who supported Dreyfus, the "Dreyfusards" such as Sarah Bernhardt, Anatole France, Charles Péguy, Henri Poincaré and Georges Clemenceau; and those who condemned him, the "anti-Dreyfusards" such as Édouard Drumont, the director and publisher of the antisemitic newspaper La Libre Parole. The new trial resulted in another conviction and a 10-year sentence, but Dreyfus was pardoned and released. In 1906, Dreyfus was exonerated. After being reinstated as a major in the French Army, he served during the whole of World War I, ending his service with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He died in 1935.

The Dreyfus affair came to symbolise modern injustice in the Francophone world; it remains one of the most notable examples of a miscarriage of justice and of antisemitism. The affair divided France into pro-republican, anticlerical Dreyfusards and pro-Army, mostly Catholic anti-Dreyfusards, embittering French politics and encouraging radicalisation. The press played a crucial role in exposing information and in shaping and expressing public opinion on both sides of the conflict.

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  • Goblin [any]
    ·
    4 days ago

    Playing the first Mafia game and this is like the worst don ever.

    Yeah I'm just going shoot my right hand mans dog for losing a race, that's not going to bite me in the ass.

    He loses like his whole territory to his competitor and doesn't really do anything about it.

    He's both unhinged and passive at the same time

    Biggest failson crime boss in history

    • Redcuban1959 [any]
      ·
      3 days ago

      Biggest failson crime boss in history

      They don't make crime bosses like they did during the 1920's. The WOKE 1940's crime bosses only know how to eat pasta, lie and drive the car much better than the player (very weird controls for a game from the 2000s),

      • Goblin [any]
        ·
        3 days ago

        Ikr I was tricked into playing a shitty driving game (the chapter 5 race on classic difficulty is some gabagool)

        • Redcuban1959 [any]
          ·
          edit-2
          3 days ago

          the devs actually created basically an entire drive sim system for the cars, and theres an option for more arcade like controls but you need to open the options menu to change that (they just make the wheels turn like in GTA 3 instead of slowly and realistic turning). Also, it seems like the game actually works with steering wheel.