Or perhaps a link to a short synopsis
Ethnonationalism bad. Settler colonialism bad. Israel is tied with Florida for worst American state.
This is more of an international perspective, but it might help.
In the 19th century Zionism emerges along with other strains of nationalism. The Euros didn't want the Jews in Europe and many Zionist Jews didn't want to be there either, so they formed an unlikely alliance. Jews start migrating to what would be called Israel and Palestine but was then the Ottoman Empire. The local population was primarily Muslim Arabs with small Arab Christian and Jewish (Mizrahi) communities. Once the Ottoman Empire gets carved up after the First World War, the British get the Mandate of Palestine. Despite having one of the smallest Jewish populations in Europe, the British were some of the most avid Zionists and wanted to ship as many Jews out to Palestine as possible.
Jewish settlement in Palestine took many forms, but ultimately we're talking about a desert that has been inhabited for longer than human civilization, so it wasn't long before Jews started forcing Palestinians off of their land (the only arable land in the area). The British didn't particularly care, or actively supported it. They just wanted access to Middle Eastern oil. Within ten years or so violent struggle in Palestine was beginning. Jews began to become dominant in the Mandate's state apparatus as well as forming Zionist paramilitaries (which even more radical Zionist paramilitaries sprung up from). Despite British efforts to slow down colonization it continued.
After the Second World War the Mandates expire and the Euros recognize the state of Israel at the brand new UN because the holocaust kinda shocked a lot of people into sympathy with Zionism. The UN begins discussing a Jewish state and the Jewish paramilitaries begin expelling at least seven hundred thousand Arabs from certain areas mostly into neighboring states (this is 1947). By 1948, the new Arab countries that surround Palestine invade to restore the Arab state. Despite a number of advantages, the Arab states are poorly armed and organized, unlike the Jewish settlers who had been equipped by the British, fought in the war, and had been organized in decade old paramilitaries which would go on to form the IDF. The Arabs lose the war and the State of Israel has won international recognition. They also offer all Jews in the world citizenship and ramp up settlement into Palestinian territory.
In 1955 Nasser nationalizes the Suez and Israel, along with the British and French, seize it back. The UN steps in at Nasser's request and occupies the Sinai. A decade later, he demands it be restored to Egypt. This along with a few other offensive actions by it's Arab neighbors, inspires Israel to attack them in 1967, illegally seizing the Sinai, Gaza, the west bank of the Jordan River, and the Golan Heights. Gaza and the Jordan had been largely occupied by Palestinian refugees.
The Palestinians had always resisted Israeli occupation, but they began ramping it up around this time since their Arab neighbors were growing weary of the struggle. The PLO is formed in 1964. They would commit a lot of terrorist attacks throughout the world on Israeli targets. Some of these probably were, honestly the best way I can express what they were is "in poor taste" but it feels wrong. These included attacks on civilian targets and some racist anti-Jewish stuff.
In 1974 the new Egyptian president Sadat leads an invasion to reclaim the Sinai. He is repelled when America begins delivering massive amounts of aid to Israel, including direct military aid (which was a new policy at the time). The US negotiates the peace deal, basically buying Egypt with billions in aid every year. This drives a spike through the heart of pan-arabism along with a brief and bloody conflict between the PLO and the Kingdom of Trans-Jordan. Pan-Arabism was a driving force of Palestinian liberation, so it's important to recognize this.
In 1982 Israel invades Lebanon in the midst of a civil conflict to end PLO attacks from the region, killing a lot of Palestinian refugees in the process. This ousts the PLO from Lebanon.
In 1987, the first intifada begins, a massive uprising and series of terrorist attacks partly led by the PLO. A year later, the PLO would establish the state of Palestine from Algeria , which many interpreted as a call to return to the pre-1967 war boundaries, thus earning them international recognition. This would lead to the Oslo accords in the 1990s which established the Palestinian Authority in the Gaza strip and the West Bank in exchange for the PLO renouncing terror and recognizing Israel's right to exist. This deal was opposed by a number of factions in Palestinian politics and they would continue terrorism.
Of course terrorism was not one sided, and the Israeli settlers frequently committed acts of vigilante violence against Palestinians. Of course, when Hamas does a suicide bombing it is "terrorism" but when an Israeli massacres a bunch of Palestinians it's just a regular old crime.
Anyways the Second Intifada begins in 2000. Israel invades then withdraws from the Gaza strip and builds an illegal wall within the border of the Gaza Strip. Yasser Arafat, the leader Fatah and the PLO dies in 2004 and in 2006 Hamas wins the Palestinian Authority's elections and continues violent resistance and terrorism. Since Hamas does not recognize Israel, the UN and a number of countries withdraw all support for Palestine. Hamas ousts Fatah from the Gaza Strip and runs it unilaterally. (The rising of Hamas may have been engineered by the US and Israel but idk if that's true or just a conspiracy theory).
Since then, Israel has continued to illegally settle colonists in the West Bank and has basically blockaded Gaza and destroyed all of infrastructure inside. Palestinians in Gaza try to resist every now and then, but it's like a war zone in the third world in Gaza and there is very little they can actually do to Israel. They fire rockets every now and then (when I say rockets I mean metal tubes with a rudimentary propulsion system and explosives, basically big firecrackers, not fancy missiles like modern armies use). They do suicide bombing or stage a protest at the border wall, then some IDF psycho with a happy trigger finger massacres a bunch of them. In Israel proper, things are less violent but the Palestinian Arabs are still basically second class citizens (think how racial minorities are treated in the US).
This is by no means conclusive and as I kind of hinted at earlier, it's not like the Palestinians have waged this perfectly virtuous-by-US-liberal-standards struggle, but it is anti-colonial struggle. It is bloody, violent, and brutal. It is not pretty or clean.
After WWII the Jews were rightfully pissed and wanted to get out of Europe. UK gave them their colony in Palestine to settle. UK obviously wouldn't just give away a country, they expect returns on this investment.
One important angle is that basically Israel was originally thought of as an emancipatory and somewhat leftist project, and today Zionists still think of it that way, no matter how violent and unequal the conflict between the two states is, nor how long ago the holocaust was. Many of the arguments that were created to work against Nazis work against Palestinians.