But Chile can be imperialistic towards Bolivia and Peru like in the Pacific War. Brazil certainly engaged in imperialist actions in the 1800s. The sub-imperialism term is neat, but I would still call those acts imperialist, and say Bolivia can be imperialist towards Ecuador even if not itself independent in the imperial core. The thing that comes to mind is Brazil's actions in the war of the Triple Alliance with the posturing to the UK to drop its attempts to push Brazil around. They have to compete with Britain, but they do so by engaging in imperialism locally