Dora "Dörchen" Richter (16 April 1891 – presumed 1933) was the first known person to undergo complete male-to-female gender reassignment surgery.

In May 1933, with growing Nazi influence in Germany (Hirschfeld had fled the country), a mob of students attacked the institute, and the state authorities then burned its records. Richter's fate after this attack is not known. Nowadays it is presumed that she was either killed in the attack or was arrested after it and died in custody.[6][10] However, in 1955, Charlotte Charlaque, who fled Germany to Karlsbad in 1933, wrote in a pseudonymized article about Hirschfeld "sex change" patients, that Dora Richter, "[...] born in Karlsbad, Bohemia[...] soon became an owner of a small restaurant in the city of her birth".[1][11]