No matter what you do, you will lose a ton of political power in your second and third turns because warming hasn't stopped and species are going extinct. However, you can compensate for this by getting power from maxing out happiness and completing fast projects.

With this in mind, go through your research and infrastructure tabs and start every project that can be completed in 10 years or less, and sign every policy that only costs 5 points except the malthusian one ("stop food aid"? fuck those guys). This should give you a nice head of steam so that by turn 3 you're getting a ton of political power from completing projects and the results of your policies.

Balancing energy takes more trial-and-error, all I can say is that they have a pretty nuanced simulation and sometimes you'll find that moving to a more polluting energy source actually decreases emissions because you need fewer power plants to meet demand. Look at the info on the bottom of the screen as you make your changes and try not to cause shortages.