Augusto Cesar Sandino was a nicaraguan revolutionary remembered by being the leader of the resistance to the US occupation of Nicaragua in the first half of the 20th century.
He was born in Niquinohomo, department of Masaya, on May 18, 1895. He was the son of Gregorio Sandino, a wealthy coffee farmer, and Margarita Calderón, an indigenous servant who worked on his father's plantation.
In 1921 Sandino was forced to leave the country after shooting Dagoberto Rivas, the son of a prominent conservative from the town. During his stay in Mexico, Sandino was linked with leaders of various unionist, worker, socialist, anarchist and freemason groups.
In 1925, after 13 years of US occupation in Nicaragua, the invading army withdrew its troops. In October of that year, the military coup of General Emiliano Chamorro against President Carlos José Solórzano occurred. North American troops land again at Bluefields. Sandino, upon learning of the beginning of the Constitutionalist War, decided to return to Nicaragua, where he arrived on June 1.
"In view of the abuses of North America in Nicaragua, I left Tampico, Mexico, on May 18, 1926, to join the Constitutionalist Army of Nicaragua, which was fighting against the regime imposed by the Yankee bankers in our Republic."
On October 26, 1926, together with workers from the San Albino mines, he took up arms, joining the constitutional cause. He organized his combatants and leads an attack against the conservative barracks in the town of El Jícaro on November 2, 1926. After this success in combat, Sandino was recognized by the liberal military leaders for which he is appointed General-in-Chief of the Army of Las Segovias, where he establishes his base of operations.
Sandino's war against the US Army
With just 30 men, Sandino begins a national war against the American invaders and the surrendering government of José María Moncada. On September 2, 1927, the Defense Army of the National Sovereignty of Nicaragua was constituted.
"Dynamics of Nicaragua"
After intense fighting and without being able to defeat him, the US government of Herbert C, Hoover, ordered the withdrawal of the troops deployed in Nicaragua. With the election of Franklin D. Roosvelt, peace negotiations began with the US government. Sandino sent the new liberal president, Juan Bautista Sacasa, a peace proposal, which was accepted. On February 2, 1933, the war officially ends.
Sandino's murder
On February 21, 1934, after attending a dinner in La Loma (Presidential Palace), together with the writer Sofonías Salvatierra (Sacasa's Minister of Agriculture) and his lieutenants, Generals Francisco Estrada and Juan Pablo Umanzor, invited by Juan Bautista Sacasa , he is detained by Major Lisandro Delgadillo, who led them to the El Hormiguero prison.
The three generals Sandino, Estrada and Umanzor were assassinated at eleven o'clock at night by troops from the battalion that guarded them. Two years later, Anastasio Somoza took the reins of Nicaragua, overthrowing President Sacasa, who was his in-law uncle. Somoza claimed that he had received orders from US Ambassador Arthur Bliss Lane to kill Sandino.
Legacy
The struggle for Freedom and sovereignty represented by Augusto Sandino has transcended borders, becoming a symbol of and flag of the peoples who fight against oppression and the domination of external forces. Sandino's ideas and thoughts are remembered in Nicaragua and the world:
"My greatest honor is to emerge from the bosom of the oppressed, who are the soul and nerve of the race."
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Had that with Capital. The concepts are in fact, thar obvious. A lot can be over-explainy to those already on board just to cover some 'akshually' pedants. If you think you have the broad stroked down, you probably do.
Thank you for that 😭 when I first read Communist Manifesto years ago I kept rereading it for the same reason; that it felt pretty circular. I was convinced that I was missing something. I know nothing of economic theory really and it's wild to me that with the examples given in this book so far, NONE of it seems to fucking make sense besides Marxist economics lol. Like who are these people and why does anyone believe in their theories? I don't get it
Got any examples of non-marxist theories and how they're described? I might be able to clarify a bit, and also, of course none of the rest make sense, that's why we're Marxists. A lot of the time with competing theories Marx is dunking on the libs of the time thoroughly so you'll hear takedown of opinions from dudes who haven't mattered in over 200 years along with critique of capitalism that still applies now.
I guess overall, Capital is a good text to break down what you probably already know intuitively as a leftist in the 21st century, it's fundamental but you don't really need to understand more than the basics and a lot of those can be learned by just going to work
I'm the book I'm reading they talk about the economic recession of 2008 and how all economists were mystified as to the cause of it. The author gives very brief explanations of the chaos and behavioral theory and weather pattern theories. She also mentions how many economists believe that the market corrects itself, and so anything that happens in the economy is the way that it wad SUPPOSED to happen. Its just wild to me that these people can believe in what theyre theorizing. I dont really have a solid understanding of neoclassical economics since I haven't tried to learn but none of it seems to be tied to actual material conditions at all. It's just fully idealistic, like fiction, and if that is actually is how it is I'm just blown away by how detached these people are from reality.
I do plan on reading some neoclassical economists, if you have any recs so I can compare that would be rad.