On this day November 7th in 1917, the October Revolution began in Russia when the Bolsheviks initiated an armed insurrection in Petrograd, seizing the Winter Palace and dissolving the Provisional Government in a coup with minimal violence. The name "October Revolution" comes from the fact that the revolution began on October 25th in the dating convention of the time.
The October Revolution was the culmination of popular sentiment directed against the provisional government which was achieving little for the majority of people to change Russia from its Tsarist past. In particular, the unelected body continued to participate in the very unpopular First World War opting in July for participation in further military campaigns which provoked outrage amongst soldiers and workers alike.
After the February Revolution which established the Provisional Government, during the period of the Dual Power (February-October 1917), the Bolsheviks gradually gained in strength and influence especially in the soviets and in the army after July. The Bolshevik slogan ‘Peace, Bread and Land’ summarised their programme and was increasingly popular. They established their headquarters in the Smolny Institute. This was a former girls' convent school which also housed the Petrograd Soviet. The Provisional Government now headed by Kerensky, was still officially in power and under pressure from the nobility and industrialists, Kerensky was persuaded to take decisive action against the Bolsheviks. Thus, on 22nd October he ordered the arrest of the Bolshevik Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC). The government was aware of the unstated purpose of the MRC, established on 12th October and led by Trotsky. The purpose of this committee, created by the Bolsheviks within the Petrograd soviet, was to prepare for armed insurrection against the government. The next day, 23rd October, the government attempted to close down the Bolshevik newspapers and cut off the telephones to the Smolny Institute. However, soldiers and Red Guards ultimately thwarted all Kerensky’s plans.
Following this, a long debate took place at a secret meeting of the Bolshevik Central Committee. At this meeting the main issue centred around Lenin’s proposal that the Bolsheviks should take action before the elections for the Constituent Assembly; in other words, the socialist revolution should proceed without delay. Zinoviev and Kamenev dissented, hence the importance of the MRC which had already deployed commissars to all garrison units. In essence this was both a measure of defence and, at the same time, a preparation for attack
Thus, orders were given for the Bolsheviks to occupy the railway stations, the telephone exchange and the State Bank. In the early morning of October 25th, armed workers started occupying key points of Petrograd, in conjunction with pro-Bolshevik sailors pulling into the city's harbour. Power stations were seized and strategic bridges were held. These instances produced very little resistance and were not met with violence.
A blank shot from the Cruiser Aurora in the evening signalled the siege of the Winter Palace, which was to be the final offensive of the revolution. Crowds of Red Guards and insurgents surrounded the palace and secured entry, leading to the surrender of the remaining government officials in the early hours of the morning. Members of the Provisional Government that had not already fled the capital were imprisoned. Kerensky had managed to escape from the city.
Crowds of Red Guards and insurgents surrounded the palace and secured entry, leading to the surrender of the remaining government officials.
The revolution itself was brief, being almost entirely peaceful in its execution. Posters were distributed across the city declaring that "the Provisional Government is overthrown" and "Long live the Revolution of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants!" Lenin emerged from the revolution as one of its most notable strategists and a potential leader in the new era.
On 26th October 1917, the second All-Russian Congress of Soviets met and handed over power to the Soviet Council of People's Commissars. Lenin was elected chairman and other appointments included Trotsky (Foreign Affairs). Two decrees were adopted at the first session: the Decree on Peace, which moved to start negotiations to withdraw from the war in order to bring about "a just and democratic peace," and the Decree on Land, which moved to transfer land away from landowners and the church to peasant committees. ‘Peace, Bread and Land’ was thus transformed from a slogan into a living reality. In addition, the Council of People's Commissars nationalised the banks and workers control of factory production was introduced. The army was demobilised and in December and the Soviet Government announced that it planned to seek an armistice with Germany. In December 1917, Trotsky led the Russian delegation at Brest-Litovsk to negotiate peace terms with representatives from Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Thus it was that the full Bolshevik programme, as outlined in Lenin’s ‘April Theses’ was implemented within three months of the successful socialist revolution.
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Am I overreacting to think that this election has the capacity to torpedo the democratic party? They're in full tilt, I already see some people taking advantage and attempting some political maneuvering.
I don't know because I'm not sure to what extent there is a democratic party. It really feels like an alliance of a few political warlords. The mass aren't formally connected to the party at all, it isn't part of their day to day lives and communities. I'm afraid we may see the democrat mass start to form it's own fascist-reactionary parties to try to cope and/or find community.
This "big tent" strategy is an unimaginable failure, it's destroyed anything that remained of their ideological direction. Party is rudderless, powerless, and has totally alienated their voting base. At least the obama era had SOMETHING, a pitiful something, but something in terms of political aspiration. They're truly an empty husk now.
I also thought the Trump loss in 2020 might torpedo the GOP. The parties are strong, they are entwined, and they are firmly embedded in the operation of the country.
I do feel there's room for another to spring up. I wish it was truly leftist, it won't be. But I think an official schism or realignment from both parties is due. The DNC is currently to the right of mid-2000s republicans. The GOP is a mashup of fascists and fash-light cryptobros; I'm hoping they turn on each other, I love infighting. I am kind of expecting a strengthening of the libertarian-leaning sect (of the GOP, not the libertarian party jokers), mask off neolibs consolidating power with fascists, and the progressive elements distancing themselves.
Given amerikkka's nature though, all of this kinda depends on corporate interests conflicting with each other. The capitalists will still hold the power.
This feels way more cataclysmic to internal party structures then 2020 or 2016 IMO. The popular/electoral shitshow in 16 gave both parties a claim to popular support, and I think a lot of flack the GOP would have taken for 2020 was absorbed by covid. These results are the clearest admonishment of dem strategy I could ever imagine. I think it's pretty reasonable to assume they'll be a left/right wing reaction that may end in a new party forming, if not this election cycle- the next. If you'd allow me to
out for a moment, I believe the next 4 years is a unique opportunity for he broad left to create a political institution that actually can gain the support to put up fights electorally. I'm not a reformist, but IDK if commies should dismiss chances like this to build working class organization, even if distasteful.