If you have a solid diff calculus background, one of my favorite intro to thermodynamics texts is Sandler's Chemical, Biochemical and Engineering Thermodynamics. Keep in mind it is less heavy on the abstraction because it's an engineering/practical text instead of a physics one, in fact It was one of the suggested textbooks for my thermo 1 and 2 classes in college, and those were clases only for chemical engineering majors. But it's really well explained and well written, it made many weird concepts like entropy, enthalpy, Gibbs' free energy, fugacity, and so on suddenly "click" for me.

For Marx's understanding of political economy and planetary metabolism, Kohei Saito is, in my opinion, the authority right now. 'Marx in the Anthropocene' is his most well known work, condensing Marx's proposals for an ecological communism, but to better understand Marx's link to contemporary scientists, including people doing thermodynamics, 'Karl Marx's Ecosocialism' is a better starting point, even if it's way more dense and abstract.