Copying this from another post I made on this:

• The thing to know about Peruvian politics generally is that there is an indigenous vs colonizer thread to every political dispute that is all mixed up with and often confuses the left/right struggle the average Chapo is more familiar with. And there’s also a strong urban/rural divide that confuses the worker/bourgeoisie struggle–there were literal peasants in the country within easy living memory.
• In 2016, Peru elected Kuczynski president. He was a boring centrist lib, and the only thing you can say in his favor was that he was better than his opponent Keiko Fujimori, the daughter of a dictator, representing the nationalist right. But… the Fujimoristas controlled Congress. So this set up a brutal battle between libs (presidency) and neolibs/far right (congress), which lasted two years.
• By 2018, both of sides got owned by the Odebrecht scandal (lavo jato in Brazil). Keiko was forced out for being involved, Kuczynski resigned because he paid off Keiko’s brother to force her out and avoid impeachment. This is all “alleged,” but who really cares–point is, the two most powerful forces in Peruvian politics in the 2016 general election had devoured each other by the end of 2018. (And actually, the prior president was also charged.)
• So in Peru there are two Vice Presidents. Martín Vizcarra was first up to bat, and he was also just a basic lib, but he did an anticorruption campaign that people liked. The popular support he had compared to congress went to his a head a bit, and he started cracking down hard on parliamentary immunity, and proposed some constitutional amendments. Since a lot of people in Congress were corrupt, they naturally started playing hardball because they were facing jail time.
• Long story short, he dissolved congress (which was constitutional, but controversial), and there was a congressional election in 2018. Vizcarra was doing a lib “I’m not going to sully myself with partisan politics thing” and ended up with a super fractured congress with all sorts of weird parties like FREPAP taking up the slack that was left from the absolute collapse of Fujimorismo. (Meanwhile, on the left, Frente Amplio, which had done pretty well for a left-ish party in Peru and got 20% of the presidential vote in 2016, started fracturing. Because of course.)
• Another key thing: in the constitutional food fight over dissolving congress, they appointed the second vice president as president, but she refused, and resigned. So there was no vice president anymore. Obviously this matters a lot, now.
• The election didn’t do shit to solve anything really, though some anticorruption amendments passed, and then coronavirus happened. Vizcarra went hard on quarantines, early, but it didn’t work because the Peruvian state doesn’t really have the public health resources to prevent the spread. So Peruvians got the worst of both worlds: devastating quarantine plus mass death. It was and is heartbreaking, Chapos.
• Vizcarra’s whole deal was that he had popular support, where Congress didn’t, so they didn’t the balls to come at him. But with COVID, he lost some of that support, which emboldened Congress, and basically leads us to the present, where Congress impeached him over an old corruption charge. Almost all of Congress voted in favor of this, btw, including the left parties. There’s no love for Vizcarra in Congress, period.
• Without a vice president, the president of the congress, Merino, was next in the line of succession. This is where things get complicated. See, Peru has a history of Congress bringing coups into power. Merino immediately made a far-right government with heavy Navy presence (in Peru, the Navy is always more right wing than the Army, which actually led one of Latin America’s few left-ish military dictatorships in the 60s/70s). It was also revealed that he had been communicating with the Navy before the impeachment vote. So basically, Merino should have just made a milquetoast interim cabinet until the elections in April, but he overreached, and did so in a way that has a lot of negative resonance in Peruvian history. Which led to the protests we see now. (Also, it appears there were more Vizcarra fans out there than Merino thought.)
• This isn’t the late 80s, there’s no Shining Path, and coups are out of fashion in Latin America. So it looks like, today, the protesters succeeded in getting Merino out of power.
• These protestors are mostly pro-Vizcarra libs though, so it’s not like we’re getting a revolutionary government.
• As always in Peru, the question now is “what will the military do?” and then, second, “what will Congress do?”
• Unfortunately, there’s no real left force here to take advantage. But you never know–now it seems like absolutely anything could happen in the next elections, in April 2021. All the old powers and parties are almost entirely discredited. So, stay tuned!
• All this upheaval will almost certainly interfere with the COVID response at a really bad time, though.