Engels, Frederick, socialist, born in Barmen on Nov. 28, 1820, the son of a well-to-do manufacturer. Took up commerce, but already at an early age began propagating radical and socialist ideas in newspaper articles and speeches. After working for some time as a clerk in Bremen and serving for one year as an army volunteer in Berlin in 1842, he went for two years to Manchester, where his father was co-owner of a cotton mill.
In 1844 he worked for the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher published by Arnold Ruge and Karl Marx in Paris. In 1844 he returned to Barmen and in 1845 addressed communist meetings organised by Moses Hess and Gustav K?ttgen in Elberfeld. Then, until 1848, he lived alternately in Brussels and Paris; in 1846 he joined, with Marx, the secret Communist League, a predecessor of the International, and represented the Paris communities at the two League congresses in London in 1847. On the League's instructions, he wrote, jointly with Marx, the Communist Manifesto addressed to the "working men of all countries", which was published shortly before the February revolution [1848] (a new edition appeared in Leipzig in 1872).
In 1848 and 1849 E. worked in Cologne for the Neue Rheinische Zeitung edited by Marx, and after its suppression he contributed, in 1850, to the Politisch-oekonomische Revue. He witnessed the uprisings in Elberfeld, the Palatinate and Baden and took part in the Baden-Palatinate campaign as aide-de-camp in Willich's volunteer corps. After the suppression of the Baden uprising E. returned as a refugee to England and re-entered his father's firm in Manchester in 1850.
He retired from business in 1869 and has lived in London since 1870. He assisted his friend Marx in providing support for the international labour movement, which arose in 1864, and in carrying on social-democratic propaganda. E. was Secretary for Italy, Spain and Portugal on the General Council of the International. He advocates Marxian communism in opposition to both "petty bourgeois" Proudhonist and nihilistic Bakuninist anarchism. His main work is The Condition of the Working-Class in England (Leipzig, 1845; new edition, Stuttgart, 1892), which, although one-sided, possesses undeniable scientific value. His Anti-Dühring is a polemic of considerable size (2nd ed. Zurich, 1886). E.'s other published works include Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy (Stuttgart, 1888), The Origin of the Family Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (4th ed., Berlin, 1891). E. also published Vols 2 and 3 of Karl Marx's Capital and the 3rd and 4th editions of Vol. I, and contributed many articles to the Neue Zeit.
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is track and field bourgeois?
discus
The bourgeoisie have no need to run fast
The proletariat must be able to run away quickly from cops
Therefore track and field is proletarian
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ice hockey is most bourgeois
I would imagine polo would be the most bourgeois
i see your horse-sport and raise you chariot racing
fucking hell i thought that'd be a joke in 2023
The most bourgeois sport is Formula 1. Every driver is a child of immense privilege, sometimes literally royalty. Half the competition is the teams rules-lawyerimg each other over minutia to convince the race stewards to issue penalties on the other teams that can run in the millions of euros. Each car costs like a hundred million euros to build. Teams don't even have the pretense of national identity, but instead are the showcase R&D labs multinational megacorporations. Ticket prices start relatively high, but VIP passes offering white glove luxury accommodations range up to the tens of thousands of euros and beyond.
Nah you can play on a lake with a broom and a ball. Ice skates aren't that expensive.
and lacrosse is just hockey without requiring ice skates
Lacrosse is an indigenous sport that was extremely popular in north america before the imposition of the capitalist economy and, as such, i do not believe it should be considered borugieuiewis. Also, it's pretty light on equipment. You need a net on a stick and a ball.
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Track and Field is unironically the most proletariat of the sports.
What use does a farmer/construction worker have to do half of the Olympic sports? Sure, weightlifting is an exception but most physical work relies on endurance.
I've been trying to figure this out in my head, but I don't know anybody who does or is interested in track and field at all. Philosophical question: Can a group of zero people be part of a class?
Except for long distance running of course, which seems to be a PMC thing more than anything. It is around here anyway.
Idk i never understood set theory.
Long distance running and walking is still useful to some communities - herders, i can think of. Apparently an old australian shepherd permanently changed ultra-marathons. According to the story people would run for x hours a day then stop for the night and start running the next morning. But no one told this guy that. He spent his life following sheep on foot, for as long as the sheep were moving. And a lot of the time that meant shuffling along at a steady pace all day and all night, sleeping on your feet. So he just shuffled his way day and night to the end and beat everyone else by a big margin, and then everyone changed how they thought about it.