I always believed religion was incompatible with a society rooted in addressing material reality, although I know we have have religious users and wanted to hear people's takes.
I always believed religion was incompatible with a society rooted in addressing material reality, although I know we have have religious users and wanted to hear people's takes.
Yeah, some of those Reddit-Atheist takes were painful to read on one of the other recent posts. There's a whole tradition of religious individuals being pushed towards anarchist and communist ideologies. Some Catholic priests have even had an about-face, getting so involved in liberation theology as to be excommunicated. Still making painfully slow progress in the Quran, but there's a lot of stuff about supporting the poor, hungry, and sick. I've worked with a lot of (non-Evangelical) Christians on praxis. You can also say a lot about stuff like Wicca and its dogshit creator, but I've known a few witches to also get involved in stuff. If religious people couldn't be revolutionary, then the government wouldn't have killed people like Malcolm X, MLK, John Brown, and the preachers behind so many peasant riots in England back in the day.
Majority of Cubans are religious and they’ve accomplished more than militantly atheist European and American communists ever have.
Could you elaborate on this subject?
So to the top of my mind there's Levelers and Diggers, as well as a couple other groups, but struggling to recall at the top of my mind. The German Peasants War was also cool. Naturally the fascists tried to claim Müntzer for their own, but obviously they just did that because the guy was a folk hero.
Cathars and Hussites are maybe the most famous examples (Though, from France and Bohemia rather than England), they had multiple crusades called against them. In the Albigensian Crusade alone some estimated 200,000 to 1,000,000 Cathars (Albigensians) were killed by the Church.
As a dumb dumb who knows nothing about this period of history, why did the church go on a crusade against other Christians? What heresy were they supposedly committing, and what material factors drove the Albigensian Crusade?
Lol this is a big ask, there's quite alot here to go through and tbh it's not my strongest period of history but I'll give it a shot.
spoiler to save space
around this time period (11th-12th century) the Roman Catholic Church started getting ideas about Papacy being the embodiment of Christianity, as opposed to a more apostolic approach. This leads to Crusades, generally as a concept, for a big mess of social, theological, and political reasons. Crusades against "Infidels" in the "Holy Land" (~1000 - ~1700), against Pagan and Eastern Orthodox Slavs in the Northern Crusades (~1100 - 1400), against schismatics and heretics (what we're talking about here ~1200 - ~1400), Reconquista of course (~700 - ~1500), and "popular" crusades ("unsanctioned" by the church, basically powerful zealots taking it upon themselves.)
Talking about why various crusades were waged you really gotta look at the specific events tbh.
So broadly speaking, heterodoxy. Like I said the catholic church got the idea that it embodied and defined Christianity, so deviation from that party line undermines their position as the arbiter of all things spiritual. Obviously, there are going to be alot of people over time with differing theological ideas, so you get many reformist movements over time.
So, specifically speaking of the Cathars they most famous for being anti-clerical (opposition to religious authority) and quasi-dualist. Getting into dualism and gnosticism broadly is something I'm not sure is worth going into in detail here. To be extremely vulgar about it Catharism has two opposing deities. Good God, (New Testament) creator of the spirit, and Evil God, (Old Testament) creator of matter and the physical world. Good and Evil gets worked out as the two forces keep each other in check. Real East meets West stuff. They reject Christ's resurrection and the cross iconography because they believe in reincarnation instead, view Baptism as a false sacrament (going so far as to say John the Baptist was an agent of evil), are big fans of vows of poverty, among many other things.
So like I said earlier Crusades as a concept have their own driving factors but IRT the Cathars specifically it is largely accepted that it was about pacification of the Languedoc or Occitania in what we think of today as Southern France. Again, this in itself is its own big topic.
The name "Albigensian" comes from the city most associated with the Cathars, Albi. The region was culturally closer to Catalans than French, and the most powerful noble in the area the count of Toulousse was politically closer to the Angevin (Plantagenet) who ruled Aquitaine to the West than the French Capets in the North. Nominally the crusade was about eradicating the Cathars but the regions Catharism flourished in were ruled by minor nobles who embraced the religion (if not actually practicing the Cathar lifestyle, remember those vows of poverty?) as one part of remaining independent from France.
There's a ton of stuff I didn't mention, these are very interesting topics and each worth looking into in their own right.
As a Wiccan, I can confirm, Gerald Gardner was a weirdo little freak who sucked major ass. He gets credited with codifying the thing we now call Wicca, but his contributions tend to get overblown, since tons of that stuff was done by other people, especially women, who were a part of that movement. Women who were, by and large, cooler than he was.
Also, one of the more important primary source texts that influenced Wicca's development was Aradia, The Gospel of the Witches, wherein the Goddess Diana gives birth to a messianic figure named Aradia, who teaches oppressed peasants how to do magicsl class Warfare, which basically boils down to sabotaging crop yeilds, and poisoning priests and lords. It's incredibly cool and based.