The Jordanian civil war of September 1970, also known in the Arab world as Black September, was an attempt by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the more radical Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) to topple Jordanian King Hussein and seize control of the country.
Why Palestinians Turned on Jordan
In 1970, some two-thirds of the Jordanian population was Palestinian. After the Arabs' defeat in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, or Six Day War, Palestinian militants took part in the War of Attrition against Israel. The war was mostly fought in Sinai between Egyptian and Israeli forces. But the PLO launched raids from Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon as well.
The Jordanian king had not been keen to fight the 1967 war, nor was he eager to keep letting Palestinians attack Israel from his territory, or from the West Bank, which had been under Jordanian control until Israel occupied it in 1967. King Hussein had maintained secret, cordial relations with Israel through the 1950s and 1960s.
Jordanian army and Palestinian militias led by the PLO fought several bloody battles in the summer of 1970, most violently during the week of June 9-16, when 1,000 people were killed or wounded. On July 10, King Hussein signed an agreement with the PLO's Yasser Arafat pledging support to the Palestinian cause and noninterference in Palestinian commando raids on Israel in exchange for a Palestinian pledge to support Jordanian sovereignty and remove most Palestinian militias from Amman, the Jordanian capital. The agreement proved hollow.
When Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser agreed to a cease-fire in the war of attrition and King Hussein supported the move, Arafat invoked the battle of Marathon in 490 B.C. and vowed, before a cheering crowd of 25,000 in Amman on July 31, 1970, that "We will liberate our land."
The War
Between Sept. 6 and Sept. 9, Habash's militants hijacked five planes, blew up one and diverted three others to a desert strip in Jordan called Dawson Field, where they blew up the planes on Sept. 12. Rather than receiving the support of King Hussein, the Palestinian hijackers were surrounded by units of the Jordanian military.
Up to 15,000 Palestinian militants and civilians were killed; swaths of Palestinian towns and refugee camps, where the PLO had amassed weapons, were leveled. The PLO leadership was decimated, and between 50,000-100,000 people were left homeless. Arab regimes criticized Hussein for what they called "overkill."
Before the war, Palestinians had run a state-within-a-state in Jordan, headquartered in Amman. On Sept. 25, 1970, Hussein and the PLO signed a ceasefire mediated by Arab nations.But the PLO's last gasps were short-lived. Arafat and the PLO were expelled from Jordan by early 1971.
in the aftermath the PLO would set up base in south lebanon building another state-within-a-state which would become an important player in the Lebanese civil war of 1975, the PLO would later be expeled from lebanon following the Israeli invasion of lebanon.
-- PLO: History of a Revolution - Black September - 20 Jul 09
Here is a list of Trans rights organizations you can support :cat-trans:
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Anarchism and Other Essays :ancom:
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For Next friday we will watch The Leader a Chinese Anime about the Life of Karl Marx :marx-hi: on cytube, it will require a plug-in to watch it like Tampermonkey or Greasemonkey.
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Wmill Moscow Problems :putin-wink:
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Previous answer
The old man rode the horse.
New question Equations to solve in your head :think-about-it:
6751x + 3249y = 26751;
3249x + 6751y = 23249.
Is this a joke? Not if you can multiply the first equation by 6751 and the second by 3249 in your head, and not if you use a second, simpler method.
Good luck and have fun with this one :soviet-heart: like usual dm @Wmill
What the fuck was Orwell thinking when he wrote 1984. "Yeah I'm gonna write a book about the power of propaganda. It's supposed to be anti-capitalist, but I'm gonna give it the aesthetics and naming conventions of socialism. Also in this totalitarian hellhole, capitalism will never be mentioned to be present. I'm sure the propagandized people in capitalist countries will pick up on the nuances and not just look at the mentions of socialism and absence of capitalism and use it as anti-socialist propaganda. This is going to work out well. Also I'm going to write animal farm because Lenin stole all my beer"
Orwell was a massive trot, and not without reason, but his personal anti-stalin attitudes made him overcorrect so severely that he and his work are generally seen as anti communist.
I honestly recommend we as leftists read his two most famous books, because they don't say what we've been taught that they do. In "Animal Farm," the revolution was necessary and drastically improved the quality of life and productivity on the farm. The conflict of the story is when Napoleon, a clear stand-in for Stalin, co-opts the revolution for his personal gain instead of spreading the revolution to other farms like Snowball (Trotsky) wanted, and becomes as bad as (not worse than) the other farm owners.
"1984" is basically a continuation of animal farm, the next chapter from the perspective of someone who was a child during the revolution. Again, the revolution was good, but the Stalin stand-in has twisted the revolution into absolute power for himself, and again Goldstein who was trying to spread it.
Obviously, this is very, very over dramatized and has made it hard to see Orwell's works the supportive warning they were supposedly intended as, instead of anti-communist drivel. I think having read "Homage to Catalonia" provides a lot of insight on Orwell's psyche. He fought for the communists in Spain, but when the Stalinist took over the Spanish government, they disappeared a lot of Orwell's friends in the Trotskyist international brigade. This seems to be the basis of a lot of his hate, and drove him not only to write the aforementioned books as 'warnings' but also to work with the English feds to root out communists across the west.
All in all, despite being a communist Orwell was a reactionary and did significantly more damage to radical movements in the west than any help he provided.
It is explicitly anti-bolshevik, that’s what he was thinking :very-smart:
Very charitably, maybe he thought to warn english working class to make different decisions, but :shrug-outta-hecks:
was orwell an op?
Probably not an op, but he definitely harmed the socialist project more than he helped it.
Is Stalin brain a thing? Because he had Stalin brain. He hated Stalin and the Soviet Union to the point that he worked with the British fucking empire in snitching on other socialists. He wanted socialism but one of his most famous books is entirely about decrying the world's (at the time) most successful socialist revolution. He was just fucking stupid
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To be fair fascism in Germany and Italy deliberately adopted socialist rhetoric to appeal to the working class.