Ok. Do you have some competing literature I could look at that asserts they don't live as long? 40,000 seems like a pretty decent sample pool where differences in care or breed would tend to be averaged out. Maybe people that get their pets spayed/neutered are just more likely to pay for medical services from the vet.
The risk of certain cancers or diseases related to the reproductive system are typically higher for dogs that haven't been spayed.
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That's not true.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0061082#pone.0061082-Schneider1
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Ok. Do you have some competing literature I could look at that asserts they don't live as long? 40,000 seems like a pretty decent sample pool where differences in care or breed would tend to be averaged out. Maybe people that get their pets spayed/neutered are just more likely to pay for medical services from the vet.
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