At least for Xubuntu, Debian, and Arch, you have to manually install samba first. After that, it depends on the file manager. For Nautilus, Ubuntu's default file manager, the steps are largely similar to how you would set it up in Windows. For everything else, the GUI way of doing it seems to be unreliable, which is why most Linux guides on how to set up shared folders just default to editing smb.conf.
At least for Xubuntu, Debian, and Arch, you have to manually install samba first. After that, it depends on the file manager. For Nautilus, Ubuntu's default file manager, the steps are largely similar to how you would set it up in Windows. For everything else, the GUI way of doing it seems to be unreliable, which is why most Linux guides on how to set up shared folders just default to editing smb.conf.