People we would today call trans people have existed probably since the dawn of culture. In ancient Mesopotamia the most important deity in the pantheon, Inana (in Sumerian)/Isthar (in Akkadian), a goddess of sexuality, combat, and political power, had specific offices for queer people in her cult. The first poet in the historical record, Enheduanna, a Sumerian high priestess and princess of the Akkadian Empire under Sargon the Great of Akkad, wrote the poem Inanna, Lady of Largest Heart. About halfway through she begins to recite the many powers of Inanna, and one of them is, "to turn man into woman / woman into man / are yours Inanna". This is likely referencing a ritual called the Head Overturning Rite, which was the ritual to essentially trans someones gender. The details of what was performed in the ritual have not been found, if they still exist at all. Earlier in the same poem Enheduanna writes,

"Inanna / dressing a maiden / within the women's rooms / the young girl's handsome bearing / the maid a woman evilly spurned / taunted to her face / sways beneath the wrath / thrown on her everywhere / her only path a wanderer / in dim and lonely streets / her only rest a narrow spot / in the jostling market place / where from a nearby window / a mother holds a child / and stares / this dreadful state / the Lady would undo / take this scourge / from her burdened flesh / over the maiden's head / she makes a sign of prayer / hands then folded at her nose / she declares her manly-woman / in sacred rite / she takes the broach / which pins a woman's robe / breaks the needle, silver thin / consecretes the maiden's heart as male / gives to her a mace / for this one dear to her / she shifts a god's curse / a blight reversed / out of nothing shapes / what has never been / her sharp wit / splits the door / where cleverness resides / and there reveals / what lives inside"

"the unafraid / who shun her outstreached net / will slip and snag in its fine-eyed mesh / a man / one who spurned her / she calls by name / makes him join / woman / breaks his mace / gives to him the broach / which pins a woman's robe / these two SHE changed / renamed / reed-marsh woman [and] reed-marsh man / ordained sacred attendants / of ecstacy and trance / the head-overturned pili-pili / the chief hero kurgarra / enter esctatic trance"

In the poem Inanna and Ebeh Enheduanna writes in part 5, "Inanna Builds a Temple to Her Victory,"

"summon a kurgarra for holy office / bestow the sacred implements / hallowed mace and dagger / summon a gala, singer of lamentation / dispense the tools of office / kettle drum and hand drum / summon holy attendants / for ritual head-overturning / priest to become woman / priestess to become man"

Enheduanna wrote these poems around 2,300 BCE but Inanna's cult had existed for at least a few millenia by then. The galaturra and kurgarra that are mentioned originate as sexless beings that were created by Enki to save Inanna in the Inanna's Descent to the Underworld myth, but they also appear as temple personnel of ambiguous gender in the Cult of Inanna. If you plucked a galaturra, kurgarra, and pili-pili out of their time and cultural contexts and placed them into ours, we would probably call them trans fem, trans fem, and trans masc respectively. In the an Akkadian version of the Descent myth, Inanna-Ishtar is rescued by a genderless being named Asu-Shu-Namir. The ending of the myth provides a mythical explination for transphobia by way of Ereshkigal's curse. Queer people have been here since at least the very dawn of civilization and held esteemed places in society at times. :trans-heart:

Source for the poem quotes is "Inanna, Lady of Largest Heart: Poems of the Sumerian High Priestess Enheduanna" by Betty De Shong Meador. She also has a couple of other books on Inanna-Ishtar and Enheduanna.