Vietnam under Chinese rule or Bắc thuộc (北屬, lit. "belonging to the north") (111 BC–939, 1407–1428) refers to four historical periods when several portions of modern-day Northern Vietnam was under the rule of various Chinese dynasties. Bắc thuộc in Vietnamese historiography is traditionally considered to have started in 111 BC, when the Han dynasty conquered Nanyue (Vietnamese "Nam Việt") and lasted until 939, when the Ngô dynasty was founded. A fourth, relatively brief, 20-year rule by the Ming dynasty during the 15th century is usually excluded by historians in their discussion of the main, almost continuous, period of Chinese rule from 111 BC to 939 AD.
The four periods of Chinese rule did not correspond to the modern borders of Vietnam, but were mainly limited to the area around the Red River Delta and adjacent areas. During the first three periods of Chinese rule, the pre-Sinitic indigenous culture was centered in the northern part of modern Vietnam, in the alluvial deltas of the Hong, Cả and Mã Rivers.
Elements of Chinese culture such as language, religion, art, and way of life constituted an important component of traditional Vietnamese culture until modernity.
Periods of Chinese rule
First Era of Northern Domination: 111 BC–AD 40
The first period of Bắc thuộc is traditionally considered to have started following the Western Han's victory in the Han–Nanyue War. It ended with the brief revolt of the Trưng sisters.
Second Era of Northern Domination: AD 43–544
Chinese rule was restored after the Trung sisters' rebellion. The second period of Chinese rule was ended by the revolt of Lý Bôn, who took advantage of the internal disorder of the waning Liang dynasty. Lý Bôn subsequently founded the Early Lý dynasty, with the official dynastic name "Vạn Xuân" (萬春).
Third Era of Northern Domination: AD 602–905
The Sui dynasty reincorporated Vietnam into China following the Sui–Early Lý War. This period saw the entrenchment of mandarin administration in Vietnam. The third period of Chinese rule concluded following the collapse of the Tang dynasty and the subsequent defeat of the Southern Han armada by Ngô Quyền at the Battle of Bạch Đằng. Ngô Quyền later proclaimed the Ngô dynasty.
Fourth Era of Northern Domination: AD 1407–1428
Vietnam was brought under the control of China following the Ming dynasty's defeat of the short-lived Hồ dynasty. The fourth period of Chinese rule ended when the Lam Sơn uprising led by Lê Lợi emerged successful. Lê Lợi then reestablished the Đại Việt kingdom (大越) under the new Lê dynasty.
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spoilers for this week's Dr Who
This episode is a hard one for me to pin down my feelings on.
I'll start with what I liked:
They perfectly captured the lost tourist wandering into a Welsh pub thing early on in the episode. Everyone in there just immediately pranking Ruby with a made up local legend.
Once more I appreciate the episode didn't begin immediately apocalyptic in its stakes.
The writers seemed less insistent on holding the viewers hands and trusted people to get that the Primeminister that the Doctor says brought Britain to the edge of nuclear war is the same one who's election material is everywhere. No sudden cuts back to dialogue from earlier in the episode this time.
In terms of how scenes were shot, I enjoyed how they played around with depth of field and camera focus in a way that interacted with the gimmick of the episode's "monster".
But on the other hand:
The politics of this episode were a confused mess. Between shadowy secret government agency UNIT attempting to grab a woman off the street being portrayed as heroic, and the whole NATO being the thing keeping rogue states from flinging nukes around with Primeminister ap Gwiliam's plot to buy Pakistan's nukes. Powerfully
.
Roger ap Gwiliam is a strange one in this 'cos he's portrayed in a very liberal "great man of history" way where he's so charismatic he wins by a landslide even though he can't help but immediately swerve the conversation into how much he wants to nuke everyone every time he's interviewed, but when he's removed Dr Who Tory party stand-in (Albion) immediately returns to normal.
TL:DR - not as good as last week's episode but still a solid contender amongst recent Dr Who. I'll say this much of the series so far, even the ones I thought were meh, still captured my attention more than any from Chris Chibnall's run as showrunner.
I like how older media used to give the viewer a little bit of credit. Unlike anything that has been made in like the past 15 years or so.
Lotta stuff nowadays seems to be written and edited so that you can have it on in the background while you, like, browse the web on another device or something and still get the general gist of what's going on.
I love older movies with big wide shots where you're ostensibly just watching the characters walk through a cool and crowded environment, but then if you look in the corner you can see the assassin or something who's about to appear in the next scene, and the movie draws no attention to it whatsoever. I love that shit