He was more of a classical liberal in the 90s, kind of a Thatcherite.

After the utter failure of neoliberalism in the 90s and 00s, and after the nominally "socialist" but fiscally neoliberal party fell out of the voters favor, he campaigned as a nationalist populist. Orban's post-2010 regime is a kind of local oligarchic feudalism embedded in the neoliberal ocean of the EU. His main project is creating a local loyal bourgeoisie, and he uses insanely corrupt methods to achieve this, for example:

• His childhood friend, a complete nobody, suddenly became the richest man in Hungary out of nowhere by getting government projects and being at the right place at the right time when assets get privatized.
• They use state money to seemingly nationalize multinational companies, but then they sell them cheap to local private equity, so in the end it is just reprivatization using public funds

And so on.
His economic policy is a bastardized version of the Asian Tiger economic strategy. Kinda. At least that's what they like to think, but there is no true dirigisme, because that would need a Keynesian fiscal policy with superpower allies willing to play along. They aren't building up local industry for the benefit of the locals - they are trying to attract global capitalists with the promise of cheap labor while still being inside the EU. Some of his staunchest allies are German car companies, but he's also inviting South Korean capital.

Sometimes they enact non-neoliberal policies (like price fixing during COVID), and then the stupid liberals usually say "see, he's just a commie!" just because he's not doing literally everything out of Milton Friedman's wet dreams.

But his whole voter base is built upon the people's disillusionment with the Western neoliberal order, and he uses the usual right-wing rhetoric, similar to Le Pen, Farage, et al. This not only talk though - they are right wingers with many-many right wing policies.

Since he is anti-liberal West in rhetoric at least, he sometimes accidentally arrives at the correct opinion, simply because shitlibs are wrong about almost everything.

“Behind every fascism there is a failed revolution.”

From what I understand he's just in charge of a political clique made up of a national bourgeoisie. Said oligarchs make money from their closness to the state and it's ability to bring in investment and broker a middleman status between the core of the EU and Russia. The hungarian economy is beholden to Germany's industry and Russia's resources and energy, which means that Orbán and the hungarian political system is bound to the EU's self preservation in a way no atlanticist government ever will be. Their money, income, and assets are bound to Europe while western european elites are just invested in the US stock market and LNG importers instead.

Fascist fuck. The enemy of my enemy is my enemy's enemy, nothing more.