I haven't played nor watched league enough to make an informed comparison.

The biggest difference design wise are

-variable turn rates making kiting harder, which opens up the design space for melee adcs without a dash -denying giving reduced xp, which makes lanes with large skill gaps absolute blowouts -most abilities are smartshot, which de-emphasizes mechanical skill in favor of macro knowledge on when to push your buttons -woods does not spawn for the first minute, meaning that dedicated jungle isn't a thing.

The entire roster is free without any grinding, which is what made me get into it over league ten years ago.

Here is a guide for making the LOL>DOTA switch written by the most popular third party stats site:

If you understand csing, and the general concepts of vision and timings, you are over the majority of the hard part, and will likely calibrate at a higher rank than me.