Like yeah, we all know that communism defeated fascism in WWII, but that was only after a lot of war & genocide had already transpired.
I'm interested in the counterfactual, in which it never got to that point because the Nazis and Italian fascists were prevented from ever acquiring power to begin with. What would that have looked like? What would have been needed for that to happen?
You could kinda say thats what happened in Tsarist Russia but youre still going to say that they really only did that after a war and then another war to finally hold power.
China also falls into this boat, but of the main countries I can think of are the conditions of Korea and Vietnam prior to the invasion of the US. The Fascists there could not get or keep any stable hold of power because the classes they needed to work with simply didnt exist or valued their national liberation above collaboration and obeisance of the US/global capital.