The ejidos and agrarian communities are the form of land tenure that covers most of the surface in the Mexican countryside; these offer important agricultural and livestock production and most of the hills, forest areas, mangroves, coasts, water, mines and various natural attractions are in their lands
The ejido in Mexico
Mainly associated with the revolutionary agrarian reform, which projected the agrarian law of 1915 as collective, undivided land that could not be sold or inherited. Throughout the 20th century, its legislation underwent various changes, in accordance with the economic and political projects of the governments in power.
The key element to understanding the introduction of ejidos in Mexico as an integral part of the laws that followed the Mexican Revolution is the historical context in which the country found itself. Historian Emilio Kouri, in his article “The Invention of the Ejido”, speaks of the ejido as a social result of the Mexican armed struggle that was the revolution, but rather as a temporary response to the social demands of the revolution.
“That a revolution destroys what is unjust or does not work in order to try something new and different -with or without success- is the usual thing, and in the case of Mexico the agrarian reform of the Revolution invented the ejido. There should be no doubt that it is a modern invention, as will be seen below. The ejido was born as a provisional, almost accidental arrangement, but in less than two decades it was consolidated as the main instrument for governmental redistribution of land (...).
However, the ejido became a major piece in the policy of agrarian distribution in Mexico, more as a political tool to establish rural peace after the fall of Porfiriato than as an effective tool to fulfill the demands of the peasants; for the post-revolutionary war period, these aspects of communal restitution and indigenous property spaces provided by the creation of the ejidos resulted in a practical policy of control. In this regard, Kourí also mentions in his article the following:
“Thus, for both political and historical reasons, the solution to the agrarian problem at that time was clear: communal property was what the humblest people of the countryside (the Indians above all) understood best, what was most convenient to their present needs and, moreover, apparently, what the Zapatistas in arms on the other side of the Ajusco said they wanted(...).
January 6 marks a century since, in the midst of a great civil war, the Carrancista faction enacted an agrarian law in Veracruz that unintentionally marked the beginning and course of the most extensive agrarian reform in the modern history of Latin America. Throughout more than seven decades, the governments emanating from the Revolution gave way to an enormous transformation of the legal order and the social distribution of rural property in Mexico.
Pushed first by the demands and struggles of new peasant organizations and soon also by the irresistible attraction of its clientelist potential, the Revolution ended up distributing a lot of land, and not only bad land. Cardenismo (assisted by the Great Depression) broke up a good part of the large haciendas, demolishing without a second thought a long-lived economic and social institution that symbolized not only the consolidation of territorial property and local power since the mid-19th century, but also the legacy of conquests, subjections and viceregal depredations.
By 1991, when the Constitution was amended to put an end to the repartition, more than two-thirds of Mexico's land and forests had been subject to agrarian reform. There is much to debate about the costs and benefits, the vices and virtues, or the aspirations and failures of the Revolution's land distribution, but in any case, what is certain is that the magnitude of that institutional change in land ownership is comparable only to that which occurred as a result of the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century.
El ejido, símbolo de la Revolución Mexicana*
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I mean you can use sharpener, a chisel, hammer/mallet and sandpaper to play around, especially with light wood, you don't need router and polishing whatever its called.
(don't think you can make toothpick with a chisel though, only crude approximation, which you can do with a knife anyway)
That's basically where I am. Tons of random tools from gathered from god knows where over the decades, and now I'm trying to do wood and it's just like fuck we should never have invented tools in the first place.
Monke take chisel, monke hit chisel with a mallet
you just draw stuff with crayon on the wood and whittle it down. Its all about them angles and a thingy holding it tightly
I think my maximum achievement was making shitty wooden ball with grandpa(with chisels), was fun tbh. I also made my table from panels, but that was mainly sawing/drilling/painting/varnishing.
I'm really struggling trying to get small pieces of wood square and true so I can make little doodads that i can use to make bigger doodads taht I can use to make actual tools. It's... not going great I'm afraid.
I do some wood stuff like building animal shelters, gates, nesting boxes. I have the utmost respect for cabinetmakers and that level of precision wood working but I have made peace with the idea that I will never get there. My goal is to get good enough that when I reach an age where I can't be fucked anymore I will have been able to build things that wont need to be replaced till after I am dead.
Wait how? Sawing make them chip away cause they are thin or what?
If you are sawing, use masking tape underneath. If you are cutting them down with something akin to chisel, time consuming way is to sand them down to perfect squares,or you can diy yourself chisel in the vice at an angle to get a handplane kind of sort of vibe (with giant caveats here on the shape of chisel and vice, pressures and speed of movement, so that it doesn't jump away and cut you)