Allright so here's another one of those. You want to do the bicycling but it's fucking cold and/or slippery. Here's some tips.
Equipment to protect you
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You want thick gloves and thick shoewear. For the rest of your body, you probably want less isolation than you think. Cycling is sport, it'll warm you up.
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If it is actively snowing (or worse, raining) a jacket that keeps you dry is important. What's also important is your legs. Rain Pants work, but from my experience you just sweat instead of getting rained on. I like rain legs, they only cover the top of your thighs which is where you're getting hit the most.
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A scarf, a bandana, a mask to keep your face from hurting. If it's cold and you're doing ~20kph, windchill will get you otherwise.
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Fenders. You need fenders. The best clothing in the world isn't gonna stop icy water being thrown onto you from being cold.
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Eye Protection. If it gets cold cold, this isn't just unpleasant, your eyes tearing up fuck with your vision. Sunglasses are the obvious choice. If it's too dark for them, use clear or orange coloured ones. I know they're dorky as hell, but they work great. Otherwise you could go slower, but who wants that.
Adjustments to ride on snow and ice
General tips:
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Deflate your tyres a bit so they're grippier. Make sure to not go below the minimum PSI, these are printed on the side of the tyre
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Lower your saddle. This both lowers your center of gravity (good) and also if you slip out you can get your feet on the ground easier. This is not recommended for the big mileage, it can fuck with your knees, but for getting around it's good
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Never do more than one of these things: Turning, Braking, Accelerating. Your tyres only have so much grip, use them for the thing you want one at a time. Brake before the turn. Accelerate after the turn.
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Keep your center of gravity upright. Do not lean into turns, just take them slower but note the above point.
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Do not assume the way is clear. Snow is a deceitful bastard. A light powedering of snow could hide a block of ice, a curb or anything else that'll make you eat shit
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Adding to this, if you can, ride on the snow- and iceless terrain. Use due dilligence to figure out whether this means a car will hit you and local legislature. Seriously, some assholes honking at you is better than eating shit and losing all your teeth.
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Get grippier tyres. For snow, this means off knobbly off road tyres. If there's hardly any snow where you live ever, consider just walking it for the 3 days it happens. Otherweise, look to section "Regular Snow and being dependent on your bike".
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Watch your bike. Roads get salted, this is poison to your bike. You can get rid of light rust with some warm water, steel wool and a good scrubbing. If it keeps happening, you will fuck up your drivetrain, no way around it. Maybe get a winter bike or plan some maintenance.
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Remember. if the roads are slippery, they are for cars. Your worst case exit move is bailing from your biycle and hurting yourself. Their worst case exit move is plowing 1,5T of steel into anything nearby. Ride accordingly.
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Change routes. Sideways often remain unplowed, main roads can be a bit better. I know it sucks to ride along a 4-lane arterial, but it might just be safer.
Regular Snow and being dependent on your bike
So the general tips are for everyone. These are for people who have to deal with the problem a lot or really need to deal with the problem even on a few days, because they're dependent on their bike to get around
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Get spiked tyres (check local legislature). If you don't wann go full in, only get a spiked tyre for your front wheel. The back wheel loosing traction is way easier to counter than the front wheel. Do beware using them on metal though, metal spikes on metal surfaces (sewer grates, tram lines, manhole covers) is slippery.
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You probably actually want to get a winter beater for this. As said, Salt will kill your bike. If you can, get one you don't care about
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If you're at that, get one with internal gearing. It removes a few points of failures that can rust.
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Plan in more time. You're on two relatively narrow wheels. Nobody ever clears the cycle paths. You will have to hoof it sometimes
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Fit some sort of chainguard, if you can. Or a chain fender via zipties and a plastic bottle. Anything to keep some of the salt away from the important bits.
You have put more effort into helping people bike online than I ever have into anything in my entire life
EDIT: I have read this entirely wrong on account of being a bit tipsy right now and I want you to know that you are worth a lot and me bikeposting some advice on a site to get people into bicycles (:sicko-flipped:) does not make any of your achievements matter less.
Thank you!
I am, however, no Sheldon Brown . He has, sadly, passed away, but his website is maintained by family and fans. There's a reason he's a meme in the cycling world, the guy wrote a detailed guide on anything bicycles including several hacks he invented. :rat-salute: to a great one. I know the website is HTML 1.0 stuff and looks sketchy, but that's the beauty of it. Sheldon Brown was a guy who wanted to teach people about bicycles, and he did. All the advice that's on that site is rock-fucking-solid. You ever got a question about bicycles, hit up Sheldons site.
Also throwing out a shout out to /r/fahrrad, the german speaking cycling subreddit. It's non-applicable for what I imagine is most people here, but they'll help you out with any which problem, even if it's been solved by them a thousand times before, because they want to get people on bicycles.
Also defending the cops or libshit "actually both cars and bicycles do traffic violations" gets you downvoted there and the main mod posts ACAB so they're just cool in general.
Another one would be /r/bikewrench, where actually knowledgeable people around bicycles congegrate to solve problems via the internet. They'll rib you in a way that only a mechanic can and does, but they'll help you figure out what's wrong.
sheldon brown is god