The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) were a series of eight conflicts between Protestant and Catholic factions in France lasting 36 years, The fighting ended in 1598 when Henry of Navarre, who had converted to Catholicism in 1593, was proclaimed Henry IV of France and issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted substantial rights and freedoms to the Huguenots. However, Catholics continued to have a hostile opinion of Protestants in general and of Henry, and his assassination in 1610 triggered a fresh round of Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s.

Tensions had been rising between Protestants and Catholics since 1534 but the religious and political situation worsened after Henry II (r. 1547-1559) died from an injury. His son, Francois II (Francis II, r. 1559-1560), crowned king at the age of 15, had been married to Mary, Queen of Scots (l. 1542-1587) who was the niece of Francis, Duke of Guise (l. 1519-1563) and his brother Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (l. 1524-1574). Although Francis II was of age to rule on his own, his mother, Catherine de ‘Medici (l. 1519-1589) encouraged the Guise brothers to assume control as Francis II was inexperienced and sickly.

The House of Guise, devoutly Catholic, then exercised the power behind the throne and were hostile to the efforts of the Huguenots (French Protestants) who were advancing their vision in France. In March 1560, a group of Huguenots tried to kidnap Francis II to remove him from the influence of the Guise brothers. The plot, known as the Amboise Conspiracy, was discovered and anyone thought to be involved, as well as over 1,000 other Huguenots, were executed. In retaliation, Huguenots began vandalizing Catholic churches and rising tensions led to the Massacre of Vassy in March of 1562, in which Catholics killed more Protestants, starting the first war.

Conflict continued, with periods of armed peace between hostilities, until 1598 when King Henry IV, recognizing that France would never accept a Protestant king, converted to Catholicism (allegedly, with the famous line, “Paris is well worth a Mass”). His Edict of Nantes (1598), granting rights to Protestants in France while maintaining Catholic sovereignty, ended the French Wars of Religion (which had cost approximately 4 million lives) but did not address the underlying tensions which continued to erupt throughout the next century.

French Wars of Religion - World History Encyclopedia :france-cool:

French Wars of Religion - Comprehensive Documentary - Pike & Shot Channel :macron:

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  • DirtyPair [they/them]
    ·
    8 months ago

    actually making fun of someone for having a pathetic 1 inch (applicable length) cock makes you just as bad as the person who has a pathetic 1 inch (applicable length) cock

    • Frank [he/him, he/him]
      ·
      8 months ago

      I don't know who Melina is or what the context is, so forgive me if this is completely off base scolding, but;

      We should not make fun of people's genitals. Having a smaller than average penis is not a result of poor character or ill deeds. It's ableism or borderline ableism to mock people about a part of their body that falls outside the average range. It also reflects a very negative masculinity that equates masculinity with sexual prowess. It's based on mostly false ideas about the "normal" size of penises, and the false idea that a larger than average penis makes a person a better lover, or more of a man. It hurts people in both directions; It mocks and others people with smaller than average penises, while objectifying and othering people with larger than average penises. About 95% of all penises and vaginas fall in a range of 4-6inches. Having a penis significantly larger than that average can cause serious problems with engaging in penetrative sex with a partner. At some point it becomes an actual disability. People with very large penises have expressed distress and alienation as society objectifies them for their penis while they are unable to enjoy sex because their partners are not able to accommodate them for penetrative sex. Meanwhile, people with smaller than average penises are subjected to mockery and shame, are viewed as unable to be good lovers.

      This stuff is really something we need to work out as a culture. I really wish more people saw more people naked on a day to day basis, I think it would do a lot to break down people's false conceptions of what is "normal" for the human body.

      Edit: i have negative reading comprehension today and didn't realize Melina was op.