The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) were a series of eight conflicts between Protestant and Catholic factions in France lasting 36 years, The fighting ended in 1598 when Henry of Navarre, who had converted to Catholicism in 1593, was proclaimed Henry IV of France and issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted substantial rights and freedoms to the Huguenots. However, Catholics continued to have a hostile opinion of Protestants in general and of Henry, and his assassination in 1610 triggered a fresh round of Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s.
Tensions had been rising between Protestants and Catholics since 1534 but the religious and political situation worsened after Henry II (r. 1547-1559) died from an injury. His son, Francois II (Francis II, r. 1559-1560), crowned king at the age of 15, had been married to Mary, Queen of Scots (l. 1542-1587) who was the niece of Francis, Duke of Guise (l. 1519-1563) and his brother Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (l. 1524-1574). Although Francis II was of age to rule on his own, his mother, Catherine de ‘Medici (l. 1519-1589) encouraged the Guise brothers to assume control as Francis II was inexperienced and sickly.
The House of Guise, devoutly Catholic, then exercised the power behind the throne and were hostile to the efforts of the Huguenots (French Protestants) who were advancing their vision in France. In March 1560, a group of Huguenots tried to kidnap Francis II to remove him from the influence of the Guise brothers. The plot, known as the Amboise Conspiracy, was discovered and anyone thought to be involved, as well as over 1,000 other Huguenots, were executed. In retaliation, Huguenots began vandalizing Catholic churches and rising tensions led to the Massacre of Vassy in March of 1562, in which Catholics killed more Protestants, starting the first war.
Conflict continued, with periods of armed peace between hostilities, until 1598 when King Henry IV, recognizing that France would never accept a Protestant king, converted to Catholicism (allegedly, with the famous line, “Paris is well worth a Mass”). His Edict of Nantes (1598), granting rights to Protestants in France while maintaining Catholic sovereignty, ended the French Wars of Religion (which had cost approximately 4 million lives) but did not address the underlying tensions which continued to erupt throughout the next century.
French Wars of Religion - World History Encyclopedia :france-cool:
French Wars of Religion - Comprehensive Documentary - Pike & Shot Channel :macron:
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Soviet industry is so powerful that even thirty years after its death, it's still holding up the rest of the world's nuclear energy capabilities.
I dont think enough people truly realize just how mind numbing and incomprehensibly evil the idea of eternal punishment is. Being born into a culture or religion that supports such an idea sort of numbs us to really trying to wrap our minds around it.
Humans cannot even truly comprehend eternity outside abstractions. Any attempt to contextualize it within our finite frame of reference will fall infinitely short of just how long eternity is. The life span of a billion universes and a single picosecond are both equally infinitely less than eternity. We cant even think about a thing without an end, because eventually you have to stop thinking about it.
And a large number if not majority of religions believe in the concept of eternal punishment. Its insane.
yeah ive always said that hell is a deeply sadistic concept, literally no crime fits that punishment not even the most evil IRL people who ever existed did a fraction of what an eternity of torment entails (and that assumes that punitive justice even has value which IMO it mostly doesn't). ive heard it thrown around by religious comrades as a good thing when someone evil dies that they're gonna burn in hell, while im definitely neutral-to-pro dancing on the graves of evil dead ppl as soon as hell comes up i get kinda uncomfortable. i was raised atheist so its also kind of a silly/implausible seeming concept to me, or it would be if i didnt feel like it had a social role in normalizing and reifying punitive justice/inflictions of pain as justice.
imo it was all invented by a bunch of powerless monks or whoever coping that their oppressive king would surely face justice somehow because they could do nothing about him killing and robbing their compatriots. It's understandable, but it's the same simple fantasy that we post here about Biden getting a brain aneurysm or trump dying of covid or whatever. There is no heavenly salvation for the blessed nor eternal punishment for the greedy parasites, unless we make it happen ourselves.
Okay, but have you heard of a guy called Henry Kissinger?
I know we like to joke about evil people going to hell but there is literally nothing you could possibly do as a human that could even begin to compare to the evil of torturing something for eternity.
Buddhist cultures don't usually have eternal punishment, there may be suffering after death in some sort of realm but it's still just temporary like all things are. I grew up in the US but I am so thankful for my atheistic and Buddhist influenced upbringing.
I comfort myself with the fact that eternal torture is impossible because the number of distinct quantum states your brain can have, given that it can only occupy a finite volume is, while very large, technically finite. Eventually the torture will just loop around to the beginning so it's not really an eternity. The devil could try to just continually expand your brain so that you can experience more intricate types of pain but eventually your head will grow so large that it collapses into a black hole. They could try to make it very long and thin rather than roughly spherical to avoid this, but eventually the expansion of the universe will causally disconnect one half from the other.
I think I should just become hot. That's gonna solve all of my problems
- Show
Lmao "debate of the day". Bird app left is incapable of engaging in subjects that matter. Debating the least powerful religious group on the planet is such an obvious waste of time. Who cares? Non-nazi pagans are completely harmless. Oh but "they're cringe lapers" ok how does that effect you?
about to head out to my first interview of today, wish me luck
had a nafo mf come into my replies doing genocide denial because i said on normie lemmy that i didnt like biden banning pride flags from american embassies. most reddit nerd version of fascism possible.
My male parental unit is openly saying 'I'm glad the new neighbours will be white. And their kids go to a Christian school' like, I'm a fucking communist who supports church burnings, dude. Why are you telling me this.
"at least they're not city-iots, because all they do is complain"
-guy who always complains
I love posting eastern bloc housing to fear monger over a policy to increase housing. Ridiculous on its face, but also your critique is that it's bland and boring? Sleep outside in the winter for one night motherfucker.
The overwhelmingly urge to kill the person who left the door open and let my cat out a couple days ago. She still don’t back, I’ve left out food, I’ve been losing hours of sleep walking around calling her…
If she isn’t back ever I’m doing something immoral if not illegal
Did anyone else find their way to communism because the absolute worst people in society are rabidly anti-communist? Or is it just me?
- Showthis is what you see in the reflection of your DS lite when the screen goes black
Am I being overly dramatic or did my landlord commit fraud against me when I moved in and he said that the hallway bathroom would be shared between me and my other roommate, and he ends up using it too? Like leaving shit unflushed and taking 2 hour long baths in there?
I like Amazon as an employer more than I like living with this princeling landlord
His buddy who got blackout drunk and threatened me moved out yesterday so he's sad. And I had an open conflict with him so I guess he's taking it out on me. He started his bath at 8:30 am today where I leave for work around 10. And last night he left a shit in the toilet he's not lawfully(?) allowed to use.
So this is fun.
That's doesn't seem too dramatic, that's some bullshit. I don't know what your lease situation is like or the laws there but there may be something you can do. Leaving shit in the toilet should be an imprisonable offense regardless of the class status.
It's probably fraud but unless it's in writing it also probably wouldn't be enough to get a good legal outcome.
Sounds like your landlord is just a plain old bad person that you don't deserve to have to be around let alone live with. It sounds like an okay outcome would be minimal contact and basic boundaries and consideration but they're too much of an ass to do that and they are leveraging their power over your living situation to get away with it.
I'm sorry you're in that situation and I hope you can find a better one soon.
whenever anyone has alluded to struggle sessions in the last year or so im just chillin like
and 
cuz ive become such a megathread head that i mostly insulate myself from all thatif you don't participate in other communities, you're not a real leftist!!
/s
Searched for the video of Obama saying "pussy 2" on youtube and it popped up with a link to Snopes. "Mostly False: Obama did say that but he was quoting someone."
Like yeah obviously it was a quote but he literally said it. They're so shameless with how they apply true/false labels to stuffThat seems to be against their usual labeling, shouldn't it be 'true, but out of context' or whatever? I was into snopes when it was a bit newer and mostly unpolitical, it's funny when their 'top 25' started becoming just whatever absurd Obama birth-certificate truther meme was being spread
