I don't have much experience with dogs, much less untrained off leash ones. One is pretty big (a lab maybe?) and always runs right up to me and my wife barking territorially whenever I'm out in my garden, and doesn't stop until one of my neighbor's kids comes and gets them. I've had dogs try to fight me before and they make me really nervous. I just want to touch grass :(
How should I be responding to the dog when this happens?
Yeah IDK, I'm a dog owner and I'd be much more pissed than you seem to be lol. I'd be making it my week's mission to talk to the owner, knocking on their door several times a day at different times whenever I could. That shit isn't ok. If you do, my only advice is to not do it when you're actively pissed - they may literally have no idea what's going on, and it's probably most effective if they don't start the conversation on defence.
In the meantime, I would talk to the kids if you can. 10 years old is old enough to understand that their dog is terrorizing someone, most kids would put their dog inside if an adult asked.
Sucks comrade, hope it works out for you.