The Russian Empire up to its collapse did have a small developing industrial sector that was dragging it out of feudalism. Urban and industrial centers were developing along similar lines as the early British industrial revolution in terms of industrial capacity and bourgeois exploitation.

Contrary to the other industrialized nations, tsarist Russians capitalist class was quite small and not capable enough of sustaining the kind of industrialization that was happening and so relied heavily on Foreign investors and speculators to fund the industrialization of the Russian Empire. This meant there were British oil rigs in Baku, French coal mines in the donbass, American banks in petrograd, etc. It was a whole international financial capitalist garden of eden in terms of new markets opening up to parasite the peoples wealth out of their veins.

Contrary to that, China at the same period was rather too unstable for the major financial investment and industrialist development the tsarist empire experienced, as there were famines, opium crisis, civil wars, and the schisming of the Chinese empire altogether into regional warlords. Throw in as well how China was seen as a literal treasure chest to be looted by the imperialist powers up to ww2, and you can see why it's simpler if rather reductive to say that China was underdeveloped and overexploited.