The ejidos and agrarian communities are the form of land tenure that covers most of the surface in the Mexican countryside; these offer important agricultural and livestock production and most of the hills, forest areas, mangroves, coasts, water, mines and various natural attractions are in their lands

The ejido in Mexico

Mainly associated with the revolutionary agrarian reform, which projected the agrarian law of 1915 as collective, undivided land that could not be sold or inherited. Throughout the 20th century, its legislation underwent various changes, in accordance with the economic and political projects of the governments in power.

The key element to understanding the introduction of ejidos in Mexico as an integral part of the laws that followed the Mexican Revolution is the historical context in which the country found itself. Historian Emilio Kouri, in his article “The Invention of the Ejido”, speaks of the ejido as a social result of the Mexican armed struggle that was the revolution, but rather as a temporary response to the social demands of the revolution.

“That a revolution destroys what is unjust or does not work in order to try something new and different -with or without success- is the usual thing, and in the case of Mexico the agrarian reform of the Revolution invented the ejido. There should be no doubt that it is a modern invention, as will be seen below. The ejido was born as a provisional, almost accidental arrangement, but in less than two decades it was consolidated as the main instrument for governmental redistribution of land (...).

However, the ejido became a major piece in the policy of agrarian distribution in Mexico, more as a political tool to establish rural peace after the fall of Porfiriato than as an effective tool to fulfill the demands of the peasants; for the post-revolutionary war period, these aspects of communal restitution and indigenous property spaces provided by the creation of the ejidos resulted in a practical policy of control. In this regard, Kourí also mentions in his article the following:

“Thus, for both political and historical reasons, the solution to the agrarian problem at that time was clear: communal property was what the humblest people of the countryside (the Indians above all) understood best, what was most convenient to their present needs and, moreover, apparently, what the Zapatistas in arms on the other side of the Ajusco said they wanted(...).

January 6 marks a century since, in the midst of a great civil war, the Carrancista faction enacted an agrarian law in Veracruz that unintentionally marked the beginning and course of the most extensive agrarian reform in the modern history of Latin America. Throughout more than seven decades, the governments emanating from the Revolution gave way to an enormous transformation of the legal order and the social distribution of rural property in Mexico.

Pushed first by the demands and struggles of new peasant organizations and soon also by the irresistible attraction of its clientelist potential, the Revolution ended up distributing a lot of land, and not only bad land. Cardenismo (assisted by the Great Depression) broke up a good part of the large haciendas, demolishing without a second thought a long-lived economic and social institution that symbolized not only the consolidation of territorial property and local power since the mid-19th century, but also the legacy of conquests, subjections and viceregal depredations.

By 1991, when the Constitution was amended to put an end to the repartition, more than two-thirds of Mexico's land and forests had been subject to agrarian reform. There is much to debate about the costs and benefits, the vices and virtues, or the aspirations and failures of the Revolution's land distribution, but in any case, what is certain is that the magnitude of that institutional change in land ownership is comparable only to that which occurred as a result of the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century.

El ejido, símbolo de la Revolución Mexicana*

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  • dualmindblade [he/him]
    ·
    10 天前

    Omg, that experience with your psychiatrist beating you for self medicating with moclobomide is like my worst nightmare. I have a very strict policy of lying to my doctors about that sort of thing and also recent recreational drug use (except cannabis) and I'm sure it has saved me some pain, but that said it seems like you got tremendously unlucky there, I can't imagine too many of my doctors reacting that way. It's hilarious though, you can confess to all kinds of "self medication" and they won't bat an eye, but if it's actual medicine it becomes super concerning!

    I am a burgerreich citizen unfortunately, also tried moclobomide a while back since it was easy to get on the gray market. It's really remarkable how different it is from the two I've recently been on. It was definitely activating for me despite, IIRC, it being slightly selective for mao-a. There must be some really complex pharmacology going on here, usually I find most drugs in the same class to have at least something in common in terms of how they make me feel but so far I'm not seeing any similarities whatsoever. The thing about inhibiting GABA does make me a bit concerned about trying phenelzine but maybe I'll get lucky, or who knows maybe this horrendous side effect will go away with the one I'm on. I really need to do more research here, I never went that deep since I never expected to be allowed to try these things. Gillman is a name I've heard in passing on the forums, sounds like that's a good place to start.

    I didn't know till relatively recently that selegiline was also easy to get online, since my main "pharmacy" doesn't carry it, but that is also going to be part of my backup plan, I assume I can crush it up and take it sublingually if it fails to be effective orally.

    Thanks for the detailed response, depression is a fuck and I also hope you end up winning the battle/war on the coming years!