Palestinian nationalist leader. He studied engineering at the University of Cairo, a profession he would practice in Egypt and Kuwait between 1956 and 1965. Since the end of World War II, Yasser Arafat had participated in the Palestinian movement, which aspired to build an independent Arab state on the the then British colony of Palestine, clashing with the Zionist aspirations for the same territory.

In 1959, Yasser Arafat participated in the founding of the Al-Fatah movement, the main component of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which was created in 1964; in 1968 he went on to preside over both formations, symbolizing since then the Palestinian aspirations for the possession of a state of their own against the territorial ambitions of Israel and its Arab neighbors.

During this time he survived a multitude of attacks and played a moderating role in the face of radical Arab tendencies. As the movement's top leader, he was rejected in many western countries for his ties to Pro-Palestinian terrorism; but he also had moments of acceptance, such as his address to the United Nations by virtue of the recognition of the PLO as a legitimate representative of the Palestinian people (1974), or his admission as a member of the Arab League (1976).

The Israeli attack on Lebanon in 1982-85 deprived the PLO of the bases from which it had organized its armed actions against Israel and forced Arafat to take refuge with his organization in Tunisia. The protagonism of the Palestinian struggle then passed to the interior, to the populations of the occupied territories, which since 1988 created a climate of permanent rebellion against the Israeli authorities (the Intifada).

Arafat tried to capitalize on that movement by symbolically proclaiming the creation of an independent Palestinian state (whose "government in exile" he presided over), which was recognized by more than sixty countries. But the successive military defeats of the Arabs eventually convinced him, following the disappearance of the Soviet Union and the Gulf War in the early 1990s, of the need to reach an understanding with Israel.

The US push to open a peace process in the Middle East gave it the opportunity to initiate secret talks with Israeli representatives, which led to the agreements signed in Washington in 1993: Arafat returned to Palestine as head of an autonomous government ( the Palestinian National Authority) which initially only had power over Gaza and Jericho (later it would spread to the rest of the West Bank).

The difficulties in carrying out this project were enormous, given the opposition of the Palestinian radicals (Hamas the Leading Islamist faction, and eventually its old Allies the communists PFLP and the DFLP) and the Zionist extremists (who even assassinated the first Israeli Minister Isaac Rabin in 1995). The delays and discrepancies in the Israeli withdrawal plan from the occupied territories added difficulty to the process, vitiated by underlying problems, such as the lack of understanding about the future of Jerusalem or the lack of support from Syria.

on november 11 2004 Arafat would pass away at the age of 74

• PLO: History of a Revolution

• Yasser Arafat interview | PLO Leader | Palestinian |1978

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