The Jordanian civil war of September 1970, also known in the Arab world as Black September, was an attempt by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the more radical Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) to topple Jordanian King Hussein and seize control of the country.

Why Palestinians Turned on Jordan

In 1970, some two-thirds of the Jordanian population was Palestinian. After the Arabs' defeat in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, or Six Day War, Palestinian militants took part in the War of Attrition against Israel. The war was mostly fought in Sinai between Egyptian and Israeli forces. But the PLO launched raids from Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon as well.

The Jordanian king had not been keen to fight the 1967 war, nor was he eager to keep letting Palestinians attack Israel from his territory, or from the West Bank, which had been under Jordanian control until Israel occupied it in 1967. King Hussein had maintained secret, cordial relations with Israel through the 1950s and 1960s.

Jordanian army and Palestinian militias led by the PLO fought several bloody battles in the summer of 1970, most violently during the week of June 9-16, when 1,000 people were killed or wounded. On July 10, King Hussein signed an agreement with the PLO's Yasser Arafat pledging support to the Palestinian cause and noninterference in Palestinian commando raids on Israel in exchange for a Palestinian pledge to support Jordanian sovereignty and remove most Palestinian militias from Amman, the Jordanian capital. The agreement proved hollow.

When Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser agreed to a cease-fire in the war of attrition and King Hussein supported the move, Arafat invoked the battle of Marathon in 490 B.C. and vowed, before a cheering crowd of 25,000 in Amman on July 31, 1970, that "We will liberate our land."

The War

Between Sept. 6 and Sept. 9, Habash's militants hijacked five planes, blew up one and diverted three others to a desert strip in Jordan called Dawson Field, where they blew up the planes on Sept. 12. Rather than receiving the support of King Hussein, the Palestinian hijackers were surrounded by units of the Jordanian military.

Up to 15,000 Palestinian militants and civilians were killed; swaths of Palestinian towns and refugee camps, where the PLO had amassed weapons, were leveled. The PLO leadership was decimated, and between 50,000-100,000 people were left homeless. Arab regimes criticized Hussein for what they called "overkill."

Before the war, Palestinians had run a state-within-a-state in Jordan, headquartered in Amman. On Sept. 25, 1970, Hussein and the PLO signed a ceasefire mediated by Arab nations.But the PLO's last gasps were short-lived. Arafat and the PLO were expelled from Jordan by early 1971.

in the aftermath the PLO would set up base in south lebanon building another state-within-a-state which would become an important player in the Lebanese civil war of 1975, the PLO would later be expeled from lebanon following the Israeli invasion of lebanon.

-- PLO: History of a Revolution - Black September - 20 Jul 09

Here is a list of Trans rights organizations you can support :cat-trans:

Buy coffee and learn more about the Zapatistas in Chiapas here :EZLN:

Resources for Palestine: https://popularresistance.org/all-out-for-palestine/ https://twitter.com/RiverToSea48/status/1392829346583388160

Here are some resourses on Prison Abolition :brick-police:

Foundations of Leninism :USSR:

:lenin-shining: :unity: :kropotkin-shining:

Anarchism and Other Essays :ancom:

Remember, sort by new you :LIB:

Yesterday’s megathread :sad-boi:

Follow the Hexbear twitter account :comrade-birdie:

THEORY; it’s good for what ails you (all kinds of tendencies inside!) :RIchard-D-Wolff:

COMMUNITY CALENDAR - AN EXPERIMENT IN PROMOTING USER ORGANIZING EFFORTS :af:

Come listen to music with your fellow Hexbears in Cy.tube :og-hex-bear:

Join the fresh and beautiful batch of new comms:

!genzedong@hexbear.net :xi-gun:

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For Next friday we will watch The Leader a Chinese Anime about the Life of Karl Marx :marx-hi: on cytube, it will require a plug-in to watch it like Tampermonkey or Greasemonkey.

Here is a trailer for the The Leader:animengels: :animarx:

here is a page that explains plug-in support for cytube so you can watch a chinese anime about the site's favorite ship :comrades:

Wmill Moscow Problems :putin-wink:

:rat-salute: @Coolkidbozzy, @femboi, @Quimby congrats on being all smart.

New question Equations to solve in your head :think-about-it:

6751x + 3249y = 26751;

3249x + 6751y = 23249.

Is this a joke? Not if you can multiply the first equation by 6751 and the second by 3249 in your head, and not if you use a second, simpler method.

Good luck and have fun with this one :soviet-heart: like usual dm @Wmill