Not exactly, it's more like the country fragmented as foreign powers increasingly meddled in the country's politics (because all those nobles could be bought off) to the point where leaders were effectively chosen by the Russian czar. Eventually they were carved up into client provinces of Russia, Austria, and Prussia as a diplomatic way to avoid a war between major powers because Frederick the Great expected Russia and Austria to fight over the right to take over the collapsing Polish state, and Prussia had an alliance with Russia and would have had to fight the Hapsburgs again which they didn't want to do.