Long time lurker, first time poster. Hope I did it right.
So I was reading the wikipedia page called "The Holocaust in Poland" and it has this paragraph under the header "Antisemitism":
"Polish antisemitism had two formative motifs: claims of defilement of the Catholic faith; and Żydokomuna (Jew-communism). During the 1930s, Catholic journals in Poland paralleled western European social-Darwinist antisemitism and the Nazi press. However, church doctrine ruled out violence, which only became more common in the mid-1930s. Unlike German antisemitism, Polish political-ideological antisemites rejected the idea of genocide or pogroms of the Jews, advocating mass emigration instead.[a] Joseph Stalin's occupation of terror in eastern Poland in 1939 brought what Jan Gross calls "the institutionalization of resentment",[169] whereby the Soviets used privileges and punishments to accommodate and encourage ethnic and religious differences between Jews and Poles There was an upsurge in the anti-Semitic stereotype of Jews as Communist traitors; it erupted into mass murder when Nazi Germany invaded Soviet eastern Poland in the summer of 1941. A group of at least 40 Poles, with an unconfirmed level of German backing, murdered hundreds of Jews in the racially aggravated Jedwabne pogrom. There was a rash of other massacres of Jews across the same formerly Soviet-occupied region of Łomża and Białystok around the same time, with varying degrees of German death squad incitement or involvement: at Bielsk Podlaski (the village of Pilki), Choroszcz, Czyżew, Goniądz, Grajewo, Jasionówka, Kleszczele, Knyszyn, Kolno, Kuźnica, Narewka, Piątnica, Radziłów, Rajgród, Sokoły, Stawiski, Suchowola, Szczuczyn, Trzcianne, Tykocin, Wasilków, Wąsosz, and Wizna.[170]"
The text straight up blames Polish antisemitism and violence on Stalin and the Soviets. Obviously, this made me very suspicious. Does anyone know what it refers to, what the supposed evidence that the Soviets stoked antisemitic violence is, and have any alternative sources I can read?
Thanks!
EDIT: link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Poland#Antisemitism
Eastern Europe was a hotbed of violent antisemitism since the late 19th century. I'm half Jewish and my ancestors came to the USA for two reasons: opportunity + lynch mobs would kill them if they remained in Eastern Europe. As an example, I think on Wikipedia I read that the Black Hundreds would pull out people's tongues. Some family lore has survived about the Cossacks being vaguely bad.
A book that really put things into perspective to me was Abram Leon's The Jewish Question. I haven't read the whole thing and it was written by a Trotskyist (who risked his life as an organizer and was killed by the Nazis) but the thesis seems pretty solid to me. Why, the author asks, did Jews survive the Middle Ages while other ethnic groups were assimilated? Leon argues that Jews were necessary to feudalism as moneylenders (since the New Testament forbids lending money while the Old Testament specifies that Jews can lend to the goyim); once capitalism began destroying feudalism, once the ruling class figured out that they didn't need Jews to lend money, Jews were either expelled, assimilated, or exterminated. The vast majority of American Jews I know are non-practicing because capital has no need for us to practice our faith, but it seems like these days capital has found a better use for some Jews, at least, as the colonial occupiers of Palestine, though the majority of the world's Jews do not live in Israel.
This wasn't really your question, though. "Sir, this is a Arby's." I think Maus might be what you're looking for, if you haven't read it. The race reification there is weird and the Soviets have zero presence—Jews are mice, Germans are cats, Poles are pigs, Americans are dogs, the French are frogs, but Soviets apparently don't exist, even though the story takes place in Auschwitz, which was liberated by the Soviets. (The hero of the story, the author's dad, was death-marched out of Auschwitz before the Soviets liberated it IIRC.) The funny thing about the author is that, although he's a lib, he was publicly against the Iraq War, which meant that he was basically erased from the corporate press—until relatively recently, when some chud school board decided to get rid of his books, and libs decided they would own the chuds by buying Maus and displaying it on their coffee tables. A relative of mine knows his wife and says she's not nice. Anyway, Poles are definitely in Maus. Some help the main character, and some help the Nazis.
Although The Pianist was directed by a sexual predator, I think it's a really great movie, and it takes place entirely in Poland during the Holocaust. Spoiler alert, it libs out at the end—the main character is helped by a good Nazi who later dies in a prison camp because of those nasty Soviets—but otherwise I think it's fantastic, and it also shows some Poles risking their lives to help Jews, while other Poles go out of their way to harm them.
It is insane how many acclaimed films and books about the Holocaust literally have "the good concentration camp guard" who is killed by the soviets. Didn't JoJo Rabbit do that? I know Boy in the Striped Pajamas did
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I don’t think JoJo Rabbit did that? I don’t think it showed the camps at all, and from what I remember the Nazis are pretty universally shown to be a combination of evil and completely incompetent morons
I thought JoJo depicted Nazis as extremely loud dudes who keep losing the lower half of their body.
I saw an interesting critique of Maus which said that by depicting Jews and Poles as separate species it buys into the anti-semitic narrative that Jews cannot truly belong to their home countries and are thus not to be trusted.
That narrative probably affected every aspect of daily life in Poland (and might still be the default position there today) so it'd be a bit weird to just paper over it.
yeah but you don't have to present it as true
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The majority of Europeans certainly thought it was true. You can't blame a Jewish author for accurately portraying how Jewish people were and are treated in Europe. Depicting the different nations as different species conveys in very clear terms the realities of anti-Semitism in Europe.