that entire field is complete bs, it’s all bought and paid for by industry.
check this out: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0958694621003241
Scientific basis for a milk permeate-based sports drink – A critical review
...
Berry and Kenney have received funding from GoodSport™ to support empirical research that is discussed, in part, in the present review. Murray and Kenney are members of the science advisory panel for GoodSport™.
check this out: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0958694621003241
...
"hello yes we would like to pay you to justify our stupid fucking product with numbers, rather than the other, objectively correct, direction."
Literally fight milk from iasip lol