Just like how even if they didn't outright plan the attacks, the US intelligence community let 9/11 happen.
Fuck Spain, fuck the CNI, but also the referendum did succeed, rather than being defeated as Norton claims https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Catalan_independence_referendum
he says the referendum succeeded though? (emphasis mine)
Just two weeks after the horrific violence, supporters of Catalan independence won a landslide victory in the referendum held on October 1 (1-O, as it is known in Spanish).
According to a former Spanish police chief, the 17-A attacks had been intended to turn the public against Catalan independence. It is not clear if this strategy worked, because Catalans voted 92% to become an independent state — although there was only 43% turnout.