Peruvian revolutionary. José Gabriel Condorcanqui descended by maternal line from the royal dynasty of the Incas: he was the great-great-grandson of Juana Pilco-Huaco, the daughter of the last Inca sovereign, Túpac Amaru I, who had been executed by the Spanish in 1572. More than two hundred years later, In 1780, the vigorous José Gabriel, a charismatic, cultured and elegant man, led the most important of the indigenous uprisings against the Spanish colonial authorities.

Son of the chief Miguel Condorcanqui, he was born in Surimana or perhaps in Tungasuca around 1738. An educated and charismatic man, he became chief of Tungasuca, Surimana and Pampamarca, and the royal authorities granted him the title of Marquis of Oropesa.

His prestige among the Indians and mestizos allowed him to lead a rebellion against the Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780; This rebellion (preceded by other similar ones) broke out due to the discontent of the population against the abuses of the magistrates and against the taxes, the distribution of merchandise and the mandatory work benefits imposed by the Spanish (mitas and obrajes).

José Gabriel Condorcanqui adopted the name of his ancestor Túpac Amaru as a symbol of rebellion against the colonizers. He presented himself as the restorer and legitimate heir of the Inca dynasty and sent emissaries to spread the rebellion throughout Peru. the Rebels not only the insistent abuses of the corregidores, but also the harshness of some of the recent measures promoted by the Spanish monarchy itself were the engine of the uprising of Túpac Amaru II .

After the failure of the revolt, which has been seen as the prelude to the struggles for independence, he was executed with extreme cruelty, linking his fate to that of his ancestor. Indigenous rebellions continued for two years in various regions of the country, forcing the authorities to introduce little more than a few reforms. But the name of Túpac Amaru became a symbol and flag for later indigenous and Creole insurrections; Still in the 20th century, various revolutionary guerrilla movements claimed his figure Like the MRTA

• TUPAC AMARU (El Ultimo Inca)

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