Yes, that is why vegans supplement. There are certain nutrients you can't get from plants, like B12, retinol/provitamin A, heme iron. However comparatively expensive pharmaceutical supplements are not available in the poorest regions of the planet. So if people aren't eating animal foods and surviving entirely off of grains/staples like rice or maize meal if they get to eat at all, even if it is fortified, they will suffer from macronutrient deficiencies. Which is the point that the article is making.
If you live in a developed nation (and I guess most hexbear posters do) you don't need to worry about any of this, you're probably getting enough food in the first place, and if you're vegan you most likely already know about the necessary supplementation of nutrients like vitamin B12 and potentially others.
High quality protein, a number of essential fatty-acids - together with iron, calcium, zinc, selenium, Vitamin B12, choline and bioactive compounds like carnitine, creatine, taurine - are provided by foods from farm and other livestock animals, and have important health and developmental functions.
Iron and vitamin A are among the most common micronutrient deficiencies around the world, particularly in children and pregnant women, FAO notes.
More than one in two preschool children (some 372 million) and 1.2 billion women of child-bearing age, according to a study published in the Lancet, suffer from the lack of at least one of three micronutrients: iron, vitamin A or zinc.
Three quarters of these children live in South and East Asia, the Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa.
Did anyone bother to even read the article before resorting to cheap jokes? Malnutrition in developing countries is a serious issue. In my country 1 in 4 children experience stunted growth as a result of malnutrition. There's a reason Xi said China's greatest accomplishment was feeding 1.4 billion people and that the world should ask no more of them after that.
Another interesting part is the UN coming out against the bunk science of the 60s that stated saturated fats = bad for health in any context.
Meanwhile the evidence of any links between milk, eggs and poultry consumption in healthy adults and diseases such as coronary heart disease, strokes and hypertension is inconclusive (for milk) or non-significant (for eggs and poultry), said FAO
b12 is a sticky one, you can pretty much only get it from fortified foods
but you can get vitamin a from carrots, sweet potatoes, dried apricots, kale, cantaloupe, butternut squash, spinach, red peppers, papaya, tomatoesi've been vegan for 16 years and the only time i have taken supplements was when i was in prison, where they were provided to me
too expensive otherwiseYeah you can get vitamin A from plant foods, usually in beta carotene form. Though I think there are other forms of it as well. But the body must first convert this to retinol before using it. If you are eating enough food, this isn't really a problem for most people, but if you are at risk of starvation or anemic, it is an issue.
B12 can be obtained though food containing nutritional yeast like Marmite.
i feel that the stop starving people thing should come first before the animal agriculture is good actually thing
B12 can be obtained though food containing nutritional yeast like Marmite
yep, that's how i get mine
It's just B12. Which many corpse munchers are also very deficient in. It's not even present naturally in animal secretion and corpses, the victims are fed supplements instead of fortifying rice, plant milks and whatever
Rice is already fortified in most developing nations. But there are limits to what is possible. In terms of values here, most governments are targeting around 0.75-1.25 micrograms of vitamin B12 per kilogram of rice. That's about half the recommended daily amount. Fortified cereals usually fair much better with regards to B12 content.
Isn't there the one gmo rice that has some nutrient like this?
Yes, there is rice that is genetically modified, fortified, or both, to improve it's nutritional profile. Where I live, pretty much all the grains and staple foods you buy at the supermarket are fortified with nutrients to fight malnutrition.
But at the end of the day rice is rice, flour is flour and corn is corn. There is only so much that can be done. One of the limits of fortification of iron for instance, is that only non heme iron can be used in most cases. This is less absorbed by the body than heme iron. Not something most healthy people eating enough whole foods have to think about, but if a person is already eating too little food, stuff like that matters.
Lmao. These fucking goobers.
Most of India has been vegetarian for thousands of years. If meat was “essential”, they’d be dead.
Even most meat-eaters only eat it 1-2 times a week, if that. Very few people, throughout history, have consumed meat at levels anywhere close to what is considered acceptable in the world today. And in India eggs are a part of the “non-vegetarian” diet too.
I guess it’s literally just milk and milk products that are keeping 1.4 billion people alive by a thread. Just chugging gallons of cartons a day to get the “essential” nutrients.
India is not the best example to use here, 1 in 2 women are deficient in iron and 1 in 3 kids experience stunted growth as a result of malnutrition. It is why they are trying to fortify lots of foods like other countries have done to fight malnutrition. Sure people are surviving, but I wouldn't call the current situation great.
That's the whole point of this article by the UN, to look at malnutrition in developing countries like India and the potential causes.
India has very high levels of malnutrition among women and children. According to the Food Ministry, every second woman in the country is anaemic and every third child is stunted.
Fortification of food is considered to be one of the most suitable methods to combat malnutrition. Rice is one of India’s staple foods, consumed by about two-thirds of the population. Per capita rice consumption in India is 6.8 kg per month. Therefore, fortifying rice with micronutrients is an option to supplement the diet of the poor.
Yeah. No one is against fortification of food, here. India is suffering massively under its neoliberal government, which inherited the colonial-era policies of the British Raj. I can talk all day about the problems in India.
But there’s a reason I said “historically” and “thousands of years.” It was to show that you don’t need meat to live. People in India, before colonialism, lived just as well as people anywhere else without consuming huge amounts of meat.
The problems in India are not due to a lack of meat-consumption. It is due to colonialism and capitalism.
Before industrialisation but after the agricultural revolution people in general ate little meat.
Even hunter-gatherers mostly gathered, not hunted. Because hunting was risky but berries were not.
No human civilisation throughout history has ever consumed as much meat as modern Westerners, who now try to rationalise it by claiming its “essential”.
It’s not, and treating it as such, is already disastrous but is going to become catastrophic if pushed to countries like India and China (which you’re already succeeding at, so congrats I guess).
Hunter gatherers mostly gathered, we agree, and ate far less meat than modern westerners. It is still true that they at far more more meat than post-agricultural humans, which aren't a group that was a good model for diet.
I agree that meat consumption isn't necessary, and certainly not in quantity, but you will need additional supplementation. Without supplementation, a vegan diet is very difficult to make healthy. Your argument implied that wasn't true, which I took issue with.
As far as the increasing meat consumption in India and China, we both know that's not because they're convinced it's necessary for health, it's because people eat more meat as they get richer. Promoting alternatives is an active measure that their governments must take, and that will be unpopular to some degree.
but you will need additional supplementation
i haven't taken a supplement since 2012 because i can't afford them
i just eat food that has the nutrients i needModern Western diet is so disastrous for health (and environment) but no one points that out when saying “a vegan diet is very difficult to make healthy. “
No, rice and beans, staple of billions of people for thousands of years, is less healthy than the current diet most westerners follow, apparently.
rice is weirdly expensive where i live, at least in bulk
so i just eat things that are cheap here most of the time
like carrots, peppers, pasta, tomatoes, so many beans, etcThe staple diet between the agricultural and industrial revolution is not much healthier, if at all compared to the current western diet. You're making a reactionary argument that we did it in the past, therefore it is good.
The majority of people living in post-agricultural civilizations suffered some form of malnutrition. It was adequate in terms of calories, but micronutrient deficiency was very widespread.
Fwiw I’ve been vegan for going on 4 years, vegetarian for almost a decade and the only supplement I’ve ever taken is b12. In theory I could just eat a bunch of seaweed/shiitake/nooch but I’m lazy so I take the b12.
It was to show that you don’t need meat to live. People in India, before colonialism, lived just as well as people anywhere else without consuming huge amounts of meat.
I think there probably was a lot of malnutrition in India, as well as every other country, before the introduction of greater caloric and nutrient intake from modern farming. Yes humans can live without those but it significantly raises child and infant mortality, women's death rate, and generally unpleasant life. Meat and egg consumption did solve those problems to an extent, although it may not be sustainable. Regardless, I don't think we can just go back to that diet. A new one is needed.
Most of India has been vegetarian for thousands of years. If meat was “essential”, they’d be dead.
I don't know about "thousands of years" as in Vedic India meat was definitely consumed and animal sacrifices were performed for religious ceremonies:
In the time of the oldest Hindu sacred text, the Rig Veda (c. 1500 B.C.), cow meat was consumed. Like most cattle-breeding cultures, the Vedic Indians generally ate the castrated steers, but they would eat the female of the species during rituals or when welcoming a guest or a person of high status.
Ancient ritual texts known as Brahmanas (c. 900 B.C.) and other texts that taught religious duty (dharma), from the third century B.C., say that a bull or cow should be killed to be eaten when a guest arrives.
https://theconversation.com/hinduism-and-its-complicated-history-with-cows-and-people-who-eat-them-80586
Even in modern day India the number of pure vegetarians doesn't constitute the majority:
If you go by three large-scale government surveys, 23%-37% of Indians are estimated to be vegetarian. By itself this is nothing remarkably revelatory.
But new research by US-based anthropologist Balmurli Natrajan and India-based economist Suraj Jacob, points to a heap of evidence that even these are inflated estimations because of "cultural and political pressures". So people under-report eating meat - particularly beef - and over-report eating vegetarian food.
Taking all this into account, say the researchers, only about 20% of Indians are actually vegetarian - much lower than common claims and stereotypes suggest.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43581122
Yeah, despite what Hindutva folks say, the Vedic religion isn’t modern Hinduism. For that you have to see the Bhakti movement but that’s a different point.
Conducting research like this is always very hard, but those numbers are hilariously wrong. But I’m not interested in debating over vegetarianism in Indian.
To go back to the main point, such data, even if taken at face value, always ignores the fact that most meat-eating Indians only consume a meat-based dish once a week or once a month. That percentage is rising with the newer generations but it’s still very low.
So if that little meat consumption is what is considered “essential” then the goal should be to tell Americans and Europeans, who can’t go one meal with it, to eat less meat.
But instead what you see (in India, China etc.) is meat being used almost as a status symbol. It’s the worst excesses of capitalism, that is literally unsustainable for the world, but is being excused and rationalised under the guise of “essential nutrients.”
It’s bullshit.
Conducting research like this is always very hard, but those numbers are hilariously wrong.
So what are the numbers then? All the sources I see place it below 50%.
Did you even read the next line I wrote or just popped off?
Yeah I get it, you don't want to debate. I don't either, I just want to know what the numbers are. You said that what I cited was "hilariously wrong" but then left it at that. Help me out a little.
Most estimates put it at around 40% (declining in recent years) with around 10% of those also eating eggs. That is important because it is considered vegetarian elsewhere but not exactly so in India so if you want to accurate in your research and not just provide clickbait headlines for the BBC, you will have to look into stuff and see what people actually mean when they say they are vegetarian or not.
As I said, research like this is hard and you can choose to not trust the government if you wish, but then going by some US anthropologist quoted by the fucking BBC is completely bonkers. It’s literally better to just talk to any Indians you know and form estimates that way, while acknowledging that the kinds of Indians who get to emigrate are the richer sort who are more likely to consume meat.
And, again, the vast majority of people who consume meat don’t do so every meal, every day or anything close to that. Just eating it a few times a month is enough to be considered a regular meat-eater which I don’t have a problem with as a category, but for this topic of meat being essential for nutrition, is so fucking dishonest.
As for the Vedic stuff, you can already see the change form that period to modern day religo-cultural habits by the 4th century:
Throughout the whole country the people do not kill any living creature, nor drink intoxicating liquor, nor eat onions or garlic. The only exception is that of the Chandalas. That is the name for those who are (held to be) wicked men, and live apart from others. ... In that country they do not keep pigs and fowls, and do not sell live cattle; in the markets there are no butchers’ shops and no dealers in intoxicating drink. In buying and selling commodities they use cowries. Only the Chandalas are fishermen and hunters, and sell flesh meat.
— Faxian, Chinese pilgrim to India (4th/5th century CE), A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (translated by James Legge)
That is important because it is considered vegetarian elsewhere but not exactly so in India so if you want to accurate in your research and not just provide clickbait headlines for the BBC, you will have to look into stuff and see what people actually mean when they say they are vegetarian or not.
As I said, research like this is hard and you can choose to not trust the government if you wish, but then going by some US anthropologist quoted by the fucking BBC is completely bonkers.
There was also an Indian economist in that study for what it's worth, which is why I thought it was at least somewhat credible. And like I said, based on other sources I've seen (you can find the references here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country#Estimates_and_Statistics) it's still below 50%, like I said. I was just curious.
I think one interesting study I have not seen but would be extremely useful is how many meals does the average Indian consume without meat compared to other developing countries and to the West. That would go a long way towards helping people understand how much meat is “essential”.
i mean everyone eating meat is straight up unsustainable given how many people we have on Earth.
Everyone eating as much meat as your typical westoid is unsustainable. A more moderate consumption could be possible though.
yea I think eating a Chinese amount of meat is fairly sustainable. High pork consumption, low beef consumption.
ing part is the UN coming out against the bunk science of the 60s that stated saturated fats = bad for health in any context. yea I think eating a Chinese amount of meat is fairly sustainable. High pork consumption, low beef consumption.>
i think the chinese government disagrees lol seeing as they are trying to reduce peoples meat consumption by 50%.
It's unsustainable, but more importantly here, it's entirely unnecessary. Meat, eggs, and milk are NOT essential sources of nutrients. You can get the same nutrient necessities from non-animal food sources and be healthier for it.
Yeah but this is one of those sticky subjects because of cultural issues and the basically nonstop history of human cuisine being intertwined with meat eating. As far as I know, no society has ever been vegan. There have been pockets of vegetarianism but nothing all the way vegan. The only solution I see is some kind of lab grown meat/milk/eggs. Then maybe in the future people can go vegetarian or vegan if they choose.
me not having eaten meat, eggs or milk in years:
just built different ig lmao :gigachad-hd:
You lack the nutrients necessary to comprehend the enormous size of a carnist’s brain power.
:frothingfash:: "The globalists are trying to push veganism to make you lose your aryan superpowers!"
The UN: "Please eat more meat, the private sector begs of you!"
"Essential" is a loaded word that implies that it's impossible to live without killing animals.
“Sources of essential nutrients” =/= “essential sources of nutrients”
Before science it was. We have science now though. So if we wanted we could work around it easily.
^ first time i've seen anyone write this easy explanation
you could call everyone who eats meat a murderer or you could just say "you can eat it but it's not going to come from dead animals"
that would get literally everyone on board
no, just because "carnist brain" doesn't mean people don't hate animal cruelty, you just need to tell them everything will be fine, the nutrients in their diet won't changejust because “carnist brain” doesn’t mean people don’t hate animal cruelty
People who hate animal cruelty don't pay people to commit animal cruelty
I don't care what you find "nice and effective" if you're an animal abuser
Great, now just stop trying to be "one of the good ones" because that's fucking pathetic
there is no hope arguing it because your argument is "i want to kill animals and not feel bad about it"
The dairy industry is the meat industry so that is no excuse.
Uh oh here comes "lifestyle-ism." In that case if you live in the west then that's no excuse. You contribute in one way or another to the system so "no excuse"
I feel like you've forgotten your own previous point and are now just doing mental gymnastics.
I was responding to someone who accused me of eating meat. That in no way detracts from my point about lifestyle-ism. Jesus I'm dealing with some Ben-Shapiro level sophistry here. smfh
No, you were responding to this: "there is no hope arguing it because your argument is “i want to kill animals and not feel bad about it”"
It says nothing about eating meat. It was actually you who injected that idea, as part of referring to yourself as vegetarian. I then pointed out that vegetarianism does not free you from participating in the killing of animals. It's just another facet of the same integrated process.
You're putting me in the position to explain the basic context and meaning of conversations you're in. Simultaneously you're exaggerating to flippantly dismiss me and others. Do you think it's possible you're caught up for reasons other than "debate" or a commitment to accuracy and shared knowledge?
Moralistic veganism is just misanthrope nonsense that borders on ecofascism
:data-laughing:
which of you losers upvoted this? show yourselves so i can mock you
A food system that doesn’t include chicken eggs would not only provide people with less food, it would also be less sustainable and create more food waste.
??? Then eat the eggs I guess? But that's not eating the chickens, idgi sorry, what you said here doesn't follow from your premise
Also are those chickens eating agricultural surplus or is the surplus grown expressly for the factory-farmed chickens?
If you've got well cared-for pet chickens then yeah eat the eggs but I think you're equivocating
The point of eating the chickens in a historical context is that if you don't they still die anyways.
Ok fascinating
I'm talking about today, and so was the comment I replied to before they diverted into a historical argument
Using history to defend a practice that may no longer be necessary is facile, sorry
The comment you were replying to was about how in a future sustainable society it would still make sense to have chickens for the same reason they were useful historically.
I am pointing out that these arguments:
we shouldn’t eat pork because pigs are as intelligent and emotional as three year old humans.
if you cut the head of a chicken off at the brain stem it can survive more or less indefinably. It’s basically a giant bug and there’s absolutely nothing wrong with eating it.
Insisting that human nutrition should be de-prioritized in favor of the lives of animals that roughly have the intelligence of five Beatles is essentially eco-fascist.
are unrelated to the historical argument and using the former to bolster the latter is incoherent. Okay, if raising chickens is an important component of a whole food system then great, like I said eat the eggs, you still haven't connected that with the practice of eating meat
But chickens are not bugs and saying hey maybe we don't need to eat them isn't eco fascist, chickens form attachments, fear for their lives, enjoy being petted and held by humans. Bugs don't care for any of that shit except for staying alive.
I think I've made my point clear so I'm done here, peace✌️
The point of eating livestock is that if you just let them die you've wasted resources. You can argue that's worth it, but the connection to the practice of eating meat is there.
The comment they were replying to didn't present any history at all. They were just telling a story to retroactively justify raising, killing, and eating chickens.
And as parent said, the fact that something was done previously is not a good justification for doing it now. In fact, it's the base of conservatism and then reactionary thought. There need to be other, good reasons.
That's not how I read it. They explained why it was done historically. They didn't just say we should do it because it was done previously - they said : here is why it was done, and implied that the same reasons apply today.
It's not a story that raising, killing, and eating chickens is an efficient use of resources in a context of sustainable, low-industry farming. It's factual and true, in that context. That's currently a widespread context in 2023 across the Third World (of course not in more economically developed countries), and there are many people on this website that think that we should adopt this kind of approach to agriculture moving forwards. If you do, then yes, it's an efficient way to do it, and that is an argument towards that.
You may disagree and think that this isn't a sufficient reason. That's not the same as saying that it's merely an argument from tradition, because it isn't.
Again, the poster they replied to did not state anything historical. They made some shit up that sounds good but doesn't investigate the question at all. This is actually very common in the implicit western chauvinist mythmaking tendency in which we are all constantly bathed. We tell convenient, simplistic stories about how humans used to live, stories that are strikingly reflective of either the status quo or thst bolster the status quo as a development from "primitive" living. Marx was guiltu of this as well, despite his many great insights.
They also said some absolute bullshit about headless chickens that is more or less an urban legend, despite having a tiny kernel of truth.
I do think that the point of raising the veneer of history in these discussions comes from a place other than solid material grounding or a socialist analysis, that it is more about the aesthetics of a lefty academic analysis and is guarding the real reasons that are too conservative and reactionary to actually self-recognize and state (yet). It does play on the "this is how it was, so how it can be now" idea.
I don't think I understand what your second paragraph means, sorry! Could you rephrase?
The second paragraph is that it isn't made up. It's a historical fact that raising chickens allows the recycling of agricultural waste, and coincidentally it turns out that we only started raising checks when grain agriculture picked up and that their distribution historically was highly correlated with the culture of grains from which they could be efficiently fed without impacting human food use (mainly rice and millet). See : https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2121978119. It wasn't the case in Europe, however.
These historical circumstances still persist in much of the world, and are the reason why many subsistence farmers still today use chickens. If you see that as a basic model for the future of farming, as many do, then it would make sense to continue, otherwise not (in which case you'd probably be looking at lab meat/eggs instead).
The second paragraph is that it isn’t made up. It’s a historical fact that raising chickens allows the recycling of agricultural waste,[...]
"Allows" does heavy lifting in these statements. It means it is possible. Yes, of course it's possible. And it's how westerners have been using them for a few hundred years, not coincidentally.
The paper you cited draws conclusions based on coincidence: they create a (we should note, tentative) timeline for chicken domedtication in what is now Thailand and say, "you know what else happened around then? Millet and rice". This is fun stuff to speculate about, but is also premised on a limited imagination and, frankly, a lack of contending with much of what we do know about neolithic agriculture, which is to say that a lot of it doesn't follow the narrative of the agricultural revolution, but was instead often play farming (to use a problematic term), or held a niche that was a minor role carried out for social or spiritual reasons, or reflected a very different approach to agriculture than working a field. Anyways, I'm just providing context to point out that the paper cited has all the hallmarks of a simplistic narrative following this line of thinking. I'll point out two obvious things, not to say that they are what happened, but to illustrate why we shouldn't be lazy in confirming our biases here.
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Cereal production was not particularly high-yield until much, much later. Diets were dominated by other food sources. Therefore, agricultural waste would also be comparatively small. The number of animals supported by farming would be small.
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Anyone who has raised chickens with any amount of space knows they spend a fuckload of time pecking, especially at pests.
So, how did the authors rule out this coincidence following from wild chickens (red junglefowl) following their essential insect food source to places where cereals were grown and stored? No doubt, agricultural waste would be something to feed these pecking jerks, but we should be highly critical of just-so stories. Also, I'm being exceptionally generous, as we don't have much evidence to solidly align these timelines or draw the clear line from agriculture to domestication.
These historical circumstances still persist in much of the world
I will wager, with high confidence, that very few places in the world have the historical conditions of the jungles of neolithic Thailand. The cultures there, as has been the case nearly everywhere except the most environmentally-constrained places (e.g., far North, cold conditions), would have been rich and varied, and have a diversity of food sources and practices that differed from culture to culture.
Modern places, including poor and third world ones, are not, generally speaking, recapitulations of a historical state of humanity. There are many that exist in a way that separates them, at least in part, from the worldwide economic hegemony, carrying out aspects of a hunter gathering or a particular and uncommon means of agriculture. But these are still modern people and cultures. Most participate with the wider world and make use of technologies and levels of ag production (including monocultures) completely unavailable to any neolithic people. The vast majority participate in agriculture not through a traditional means or a historical means, but through a means forced through imperialism, usually with monoculture crops fed by fossil fuels and intended for export. The import of food is the norm, under these very different conditions.
In terms of a model going forward, animal ag is nearly entirely an unnecessary downside that is forwarded by marketing and (comparatively) rich consumption patterns. The conditions under which it is helpful are exactly those of deprivation through imperialism, where people are forced to get by with so little that having animals to handle scraps and waste becomes valuable. But this is not a recapitulation of historical conditions, it is an extremely modern and capitalistic situation and aligns better with a "hustle grindset", individualistic approach to global poverty than one focused on addressing its true driving factor.
You didn't read the study fully. It's not using the jungles of Thailand as the only example - it also looks at situations in Northeastern Africa, in modern China, etc...
That handles about half of your argument where you argue that it only works for that specific environment, it doesn't, it is observed in every historical environment where suitable grains were being grown.
There is no reason to have a just-so story. The article actually does consider the hypothesis that chickens merely stumbled into cereal-growing places, but that's just a question of how it started. It doesn't explain why people continued to engage in very deliberate husbandry for thousands of years. I suggest you completely read the paper if you're interested.
It also addresses the fact that, yes, Europe was not a place where this was a factor. Instead, other animals (notably pigs) filled this niche in a way that more synergistic with the crops and practices of the time and place.
As far as the point about global poverty, you're just coming back to my original point. If you believe that the way forwards is industrial agriculture (I do too), then yes of course animal husbandry doesn't have a point in terms of efficiency, as I said before.
It's an okay point of view that, no, we don't need to have industrialized and mechanized agriculture everywhere, and we can have modernized small-scale farming, in which case having animals such as chickens can be efficient. There is a difference between something being necessary because you are destitute and something being efficient because it allows you to get more out of your resources - it could feasibly fall onto the latter.
You didn’t read the study fully. It’s not using the jungles of Thailand as the only example - it also looks at situations in Northeastern Africa, in modern China, etc…
I'm aware and did read the study, thanks.
That handles about half of your argument where you argue that it only works for that specific environment, it doesn’t,
When on earth did I say that?
it is observed in every historical environment where suitable grains were being grown.
Incorrect. What the authors actually say is that chickens coincide with the spread of Asian crops, particularly rice. i.e., this follows a pattern of agricultural trade and sharing of practices.
There are many, many places that developed and grew grains without chickens. Nearly all of them, in fact.
There is no reason to have a just-so story.
There are many reasons to have just-so stories. I already pointed to a particularly pernicious one, which is the widespread western chauvinist tradition of justifying current practices, and especially eurocentric practices, as a natural and historical outcome. There does not need to be a direct material interest in the authors doing so, though there always is one: you can get published more easily and with less work if you more or less support this kind of thinking. It doesn't need to be intentional, either. The lathe of capitalist academia will take true believers and cynics alike.
Academics tell just-so stories all the time. Our comrade Stephen Jay Gould wrote about this extensively regarding evolutionary theory, whereas the vast majority of scientists in the field were retelling the same stories, and usually because they actually believe them and actually internalize those thought processes.
The article actually does consider the hypothesis that chickens merely stumbled into cereal-growing places, but that’s just a question of how it started. It doesn’t explain why people continued to engage in very deliberate husbandry for thousands of years. I suggest you completely read the paper if you’re interested.
Thank you for the condescension.
It also addresses the fact that, yes, Europe was not a place where this was a factor. Instead, other animals (notably pigs) filled this niche in a way that more synergistic with the crops and practices of the time and place.
Maybe. Or maybe not. Maybe pigs were just, you know, already there. And were first part of hunting cultures. Etc etc. It is best to question simplistic narratives that are mostly making guesses based on coincidence. Various parts of Europe, of course, did eventually start using chickens as well.
As far as the point about global poverty, you’re just coming back to my original point. If you believe that the way forwards is industrial agriculture (I do too), then yes of course animal husbandry doesn’t have a point in terms of efficiency, as I said before.
It wasn't clear to me that this was your position. However, my point about global poverty is about modern conditions not mirroring those of neolithic Thailand, or really any of the places and times in the article, but instead reflecting modem capitalism. A similar tool is involved (animal ag as food technology), but of course even that is different due to artificial selection.
It’s an okay point of view that, no, we don’t need to have industrialized and mechanized agriculture everywhere, and we can have modernized small-scale farming, in which case having animals such as chickens can be efficient.
Efficient in what way?
There is a difference between something being necessary because you are destitute and something being efficient because it allows you to get more out of your resources - it could feasibly fall onto the latter.
Is this what you mean by efficient? Due to trophic levels and the energetic expense of entire birds, I'd say you're using a lower technology for no good reason when you could just mulch or otherwise process your waste more efficiently.
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We don't actually know exactly why people started farming chickens. It was almost definitely in Southeast Asia, but the reasons that people participated in any kind of agriculture have been varied snd changed over time. Eventually it became simply a form of food, and one that synergized with cereal production, but raising chickens predates the existence of having any significant amount of agricultural waste to feed them.
Your idea of having "ethical" decapitated chickens makes no sense. Nobody does this and it would contradict the labor saved by letting chickens deal with ag waste. It's also just plain infeasible because cutting at exactly the brain stem isn't easy.
In a world of industrialized agriculture, our ability to produce enough food or nutritious food is not the problem. Ag waste can be recycled straight back into ag or used in other ways abd is unnecessary for food production except when poverty has been forced onto people artificially, such as through imperialism. Groups like the FAO like to talk about malnutrition in countries in Africa while ignoring the elephant in the room: the empire has forced IMF "restructuring" on them, has undercut domestic food production, and turned their economies into extraction industry and perpetual poverty. In this status quo of deprivation, liberals squabble over whether having chickens or a cow is "the fix". Meanwhile, industrialised ag can produce more and better food, and cheaper, but it is deliberately made unavailable by global capitalism.
Anti-veganism is not particularly well-grounded in a material analysis. It's usually just reactionary excuse-making and recycles the same kinds of self-serving talking points I've heard from "leftists" that work for defense contractors.
I read through the pdf (I'm weird like that). I find it odd how the full article minimises deforestation and climate change, all the while over focusing on fixable nutritional issues. (like we can suppliment B12 and iron). The pdf devotes many pages quoting the limitations from studies confirming cardiovascular diseases in meat consumption, but takes quick and dirty takes from studies on veg diets without the same apology.
The ok health consequences of veg diets has been written about and confirmed in depth by many national health authorities. One thing I can't help notice is that (as far as I can tell), the authors are all agriculture experts and no one is in medicine. Many/most of them are connected to animal agriculture. See here and here.
No. See.
Eating meat is good for nutrients. If you try to argue against it, you’re being a gringo westerner who doesn’t care about poor people. There is no way to improve nutrition in the global south except by eating meat.
Climate Change? No no no, that’s not going to effect the global south at all because the meat will give them fucking superpowers.
carnists just want to eat burger
and if you tell them burger is bad then you're a fascist
